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. 2014 Dec 8;5:675. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00675

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Copyright © 2014 Daghma, Hensel, Rutten, Melzer and Kumlehn.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Time-lapse of type I development (embryogenic pollen) shown by synchronously acquired DIC and fluorescence images. (A) Uni-nucleate pollen (microspore) with nucleus close to pollen aperture. (B,C) The nucleus has migrated away from the pollen periphery and cytoplasmic strands are formed. The blurred fluorescence signal indicates the break-down of the nuclear envelope prior to mitosis. (D) Newly formed cell wall (DIC) and a pair of daughter nuclei (GFP) after mitosis. (E) Appearance of cytoplasmic strands indicating imminent second mitosis. (F,G) Newly formed intermediate cell wall (DIC) separates four cells (GFP) contained within the pollen envelope. (H) Additional cycles of mitosis create a multicellular structure. CS, cytoplasmic strand; CW, cell wall; N, nucleus; n, nucleolus; PA, pollen aperture. Bar = 20 μm.