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. 2014 Dec 8;5:675. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00675

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Copyright © 2014 Daghma, Hensel, Rutten, Melzer and Kumlehn.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic model of main developmental routes of pollen during regular maturation and pollen embryogenesis. (A) premitotic microspore, (B) commencement of starch accumulation in premitotic microspore, (C) product of asymmetric pollen mitosis I, (D) bicellular pollen with the generative cell deliberated from the cell periphery, (E) formation of two sperm via pollen mitosis II, (F) germination of mature pollen, (G) premitotic microspore with emerging small vacuoles, (H) bicellular pollen after symmetric 1st pollen mitosis, (I) 4-celled pollen after two rounds of symmetric cell divisions, (J) multi-cellular pollen, (K) pollen releasing proliferating tissue, (L) bicellular pollen after asymmetric 1st pollen mitosis, (M) tri-cellular pollen after symmetric division of the vegetative-like cell, (N) 5-celled pollen including a non-divided generative-like cell and 4 cells derived from the vegetative-like cell, (O) multicellular pollen including a non-divided generative-like cell and multiple cells derived from the vegetative-like cell, (P) multicellular pollen releasing proliferating tissue, (Q) tri-cellular pollen after symmetric division of the vegetative-like cell, (R) 4-nucleate pollen after division of the generative-like nucleus, (S) 6-nucleate pollen including 4 nuclei derived from the generative-like nucleus, (T) no information is available about pollen fate after stage S, (U) failure of cell division in microspore is associated with formation of micronuclei. GC, generative/generative-like cell; Gn, generative/generative-like nucleus; Mn, micro nucleus; N, nucleus; SC, sperm cell; St, starch; V, vacuole; Vn, vegetative/vegetative-like nucleus.