Table 3.
Management and clinical outcomes of children in the intervention and routine care groups
| Study group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All patients (N = 240) | Intervention (N = 121) | Routine care (N = 119) | P-value | |
| Initial diagnosis | ||||
| Malaria | 100 (41.7%) | 45 (37.2%) | 55 (46.2%) | 0.190 |
| Malaria plus bacterial infection | 81 (33.7%) | 17 (14.0%) | 64 (53.8%) | <0.001 |
| Viral infection | 40 (16.7%) | 40 (33.1%) | 0 (0%) | <0.001 |
| Bacterial infection | 19 (7.9%) | 19 (15.7%) | 0 (0%) | <0.001 |
| Treatment at initial diagnosis | ||||
| Artesunate-Amodiaquine only | 106 (44.2%) | 45 (37.2%) | 61 (51.3%) | 0.028 |
| Artesunate-Amodiaquine and Antibiotic | 75 (31.2%) | 17 (14.0%) | 58 (48.7%) | <0.001 |
| Paracetamol only | 40 (16.7%) | 40 (33.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | <0.001 |
| Antibiotic only | 19 (7.9%) | 19 (15.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | <0.001 |
| Action taken at day 2 review | ||||
| Treatment completed | 2 (0.8%) | 1 (0.8%) | 1 (0.8%) | 1.000 |
| Continue medication | 192 (80.0%) | 117 (96.7%) | 75 (63.0%) | <0.001 |
| Admit for treatment | 9 (3.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (7.6%) | 0.002 |
| Change medication | 15 (6.2%) | 1 (0.8%) | 14 (11.8%) | <0.001 |
| Add medication | 22 (9.2%) | 2 (1.6%) | 20 (16.8%) | <0.001 |
| Action taken at day 7 review | ||||
| Treatment completed | 223 (93%) | 120 (99.2%) | 103 (87.3%) | <0.001 |
| Continue medication | 5 (2.1%) | 1 (0.8%) | 4 (3.4%) | 0.211 |
| Admit for treatment | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0.496 |
| Change medication | 5 (2.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (4.2%) | 0.029 |
| Add medication | 5 (2.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (4.2%) | 0.029 |
| Clinical outcome at end of study | ||||
| Completed treatment and well | 216 (90.0%) | 120 (99.2%) | 96 (80.7%) | <0.001 |
| Admitted to hospital | 10 (4.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 10 (8.4%) | 0.001 |
| Remained febrile | 13 (5.4%) | 1 (0.8%) | 12 (10.1%) | 0.001 |
| Death | 1 (0.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0.496 |