Table 2.
Peak joint angles in patients with hip dysplasia and in controls
| Baseline | Baseline | 6 months after PAO |
Baseline | 12 months after PAO |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls (n = 32) a | Patients (n = 25) a | Patients (n = 25) a | Difference (CI) | p-value | Patients (n = 23) a | Patients (n = 23) a | Difference (CI) | p-value | |
| Walk stance phase, s | 0.6 (0.0) | 0.6 (0.0) | 0.6 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 1.0 | 0.6 (0.0) | 0.6 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 0.8 |
| Walk velocity, m/s | 1.4 (0.1) | 1.3 (0.2) | 1.3 (0.1) | 0.0 (-0.1 to 0.0) | 0.1 | 1.3 (0.1) | 1.4 (0.1) | 0.0 (-0.1 to 0.0) | 0.2 |
| Peak joint angles in walking, degrees | |||||||||
| Ankle | |||||||||
| A1 | -9.6 (2.4) | -8.5 (1.9) | -8.8 (2.6) | 0.3 (-0.8 to 1.3) | 0.6 | -8.5 (2.0) | -8.8 (2.5) | 0.4 (-0.6 to 1.4) | 0.4 |
| A2 | 7.3 (2.8) | 8.6 (3.8) | 8.9 (3.5) | -0.3 (-1.5 to 0.9) | 0.6 | 8.7 (3.9) | 7.9 (3.9) | 0.7 (-0.6 to 2.0) | 0.3 |
| Knee | |||||||||
| K1 | -4.5 (5.1) | -4.7 (3.8) | -4.5 (4.3) | -0.2 (-2.0 to 1.6) | 0.8 | -5.1 (3.8) | -3.2 (4.7) | -1.8 (-4.0 to 0.4) | 0.1 |
| K2 | -18 (5.5) | -17 (3.7) | -17 (6.2) | 0.1 (-2.4 to 2.6) | 1.0 | -17 (3.6) | -16 (5.8) | -0.9 (-3.1 to 1.2) | 0.4 |
| K3 | -3.0 (4.4) | -6.1 (4.2) | -6.7 (5.4) b | 0.6 (-1.1 to 2.3) | 0.5 | -6.1 (4.4) | -5.0 (5.6) | -1.0 (-3.2 to 1.1) | 0.3 |
| Hip | |||||||||
| H1 | -13 (4.5) | -10 (4.8) | -9.6 (4.6) b | -0.6 (-2.2 to 1.0) | 0.4 | -11 (3.9) | -12 (4.2) | 1.1 (-0.3 to 2.6) | 0.1 |
| Run stance phase, s | 0.3 (0.0) | 0.3 (0.0) | 0.3 (0.0) b | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 0.2 | 0.3 (0.0) | 0.3 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0 to 0.0) | 0.5 |
| Run velocity, m/s | 2.6 (0.3) | 2.4 (0.4) | 2.4 (0.3) | 0.0 (-0.1 to 0.1) | 0.6 | 2.5 (0.3) | 2.4 (0.2) | 0.1 (0.0 to 0.2) | 0.2 |
| Peak joint angles in running, degrees | |||||||||
| Ankle | |||||||||
| A1 | 2.2 (3.8) | 1.8 (6.0) | 4.1 (3.1) b | -2.3 (-4.7 to -0.0) | 0.05 | 2.6 (6.0) | 3.7 (4.7) | -1.2 (-2.6 to 0.3) | 0.1 |
| A2 | 21 (3.8) | 20 (4.7) | 21 (3.5) | -1.2 (-2.7 to 0.3) | 0.1 | 21 (4.4) | 21 (3.4) | -0.3 (-1.7 to 1.1) | 0.7 |
| Knee | |||||||||
| K1 | -14 (6.6) | -13 (6.5) | -15 (5.8) | 1.7 (-0.9 to 4.4) | 0.2 | -14 (6.5) | -13 (6.4) | -0.6 (-2.7 to 1.5) | 0.5 |
| K2 | -42 (5.8) | -39 (8.2) | -40 (6.4) | 1.2 (-1.3 to 3.7) | 0.3 | -41 (6.1) | -40 (5.9) | -0.7 (-2.6 to 1.2) | 0.5 |
| K3 | -15 (5.6) | -16 (6.8) | -17 (6.4) | 0.8 (-1.4 to 3.0) | 0.4 | -17 (5.4) | -16 (5.5) | -1.3 (-3.1 to 0.6) | 0.2 |
| Hip | |||||||||
| H1 | -5.6 (3.9) | -4.1 (5.6) | -4.3 (4.4) | 0.2 (-1.6 to 2.0) | 0.8 | -5.0 (5.3) | -5.0 (4.0) | 0.0 (-2.1 to 2.1) | 1.0 |
aPeak values are reported as mean values and standard deviation. Differences between the outcomes before and after PAO were tested with paired t-test and are reported as mean differences (95% CI). Differences between patients and healthy controls were tested with unpaired t-test.
bSignificantly different compared with the healthy controls.
PAO: periacetabular osteotomy; A1: peak plantar flexion in the first half of the stance phase; A2: peak dorsiflexion in the second half of the stance phase; K1: extension at heel strike; K2: peak flexion in the first half of the stance phase; K3: peak extension in the second half of the stance phase; H1: peak extension.