Table 1.
Range of motion and grip strength in the upper limbs in fracture cases and controls
| Fractures n = 47 |
Controls
a
n = 47 |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mean (SD) | n b (% of all) | mean (SD) | n b (% of all) | Difference | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Diminished rotation c | 0 (0%) | 4 (9%) | –9 | -21 to 0.6 | 0.1 | ||
| Flexion of wrist (°) d | 84.9 (5.1) | 85.1 (5.3) | 0.4 | -0.9 to 0.5 | 0.6 | ||
| Extension of wrist (°) d | 82.9 (10.3) | 82.9 (10.5) | 2.1 | -0.6 to 0.6 | 1.0 | ||
| Grip strength (kg) e | 43.9 (16.0) | 43.9 (14.3) | 1.3 | -2.5 to 2.5 | 1.0 | ||
| Ulnar deviation (°) d | 52.7 (10.0) | 42.9 (9.7) | 9.8 | 6.7 to 13.0 | < 0.001 | ||
Age and sex related matched control case is used in comparison for motion, grip strength and ulnar deviation. The corresponding finding at the contralateral side is used as control for wrist motions in flexion and extension.
Number of cases with poor rotation (< 60° of supination and/or < 50° of pronation) with correlated marginal proportions.
Difference in marginal proportions between age- and gender-matched fracture-control pairs with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and p-value with McNemar test.
Continuous variables analyzed via means and standard deviations (SD). Difference in means between fracture side and contralateral side with 95% CI and p-value of paired t-test.
Measured with a hydralic Jamar gauge (Asimow Engineering, Santa Monica, CA, USA). Differences in means between age- and gender-matched fracture-control pairs with 95% CI and p-value of paired t-test for grip strength.