Table 2.

Cross-sectional studies neuroimaging cognitive functioning during HRT.

Study	Subjects [STRAW stage]	Age (y)	Hormonal treatment	Technique / Tracer	Test	Comparison	Results	Notes
Berent-Spillson et al., 2012	56	(42–61)	(No HT ≥3m):	fMRI	Episodic verbal memory (encoding and storage)	PreMP vs. periMP vs. postMP	PostMP: ↑ iFC r, PFC l, TP l	Different executive function, and verbal fluency, after adj for age
	[S:−3 S:−2 S:+1]	47 ± 3	gr1 (n = 20): PreMP				periMP: ↑iFC l
		53 ± 3	gr2 (n = 15): periMP				corr −: E and iFC l, TP l, PHC l, PC l
		54 ± 3	gr3 (n = 32): PostMP
					Visual working memory		n.s.
Dumas et al., 2012b	24	59 ± 6	gr1 (n = 12): E (3m) + antimuscarinic / antinicotinic / placebo	fMRI (2x)	Visual verbal working memory + cholinergic antagonist	ET vs. placebo	[Antimuscarinic]: E: ↓ mFG l (BA10), aCG r (BA24), iPL l (BA40), Ins r (BA13), sTG l (BA22)	= Performance
	[S:+2]	60 ± 5	gr2 (n = 12): placebo (3m) + antimuscarinic / antinicotinic /placebo				[Antinicotinic]: E: ↑ pCun r (BA31), ↑ paracentralL (BA5), ↓ PHG r (BA34)
Maki et al., 2011	25	60 ± 3	(HT before final menstruation):	fMRI	Verbal memory	HT vs. NT	[recognition]: NT: ↑ PHG (BA35, 36), HT: ↑HC l	HT: ↑ verbal memory performance
	[S:+2]	60 ± 3	gr1 (n = 13): E/CEE (P, n = ?)				[match]: HT: ↑ HC l
			gr2 (n = 12): NT				[encoding-match]: NT: ↑ HC l
					Figural memory	HT vs. NT	[recognition]: HT: ↑ PHG l (BA35, 27), perirhinal
							[recognition-match]: HT: ↑ PHG r (BA35)
Berent-Spillson et al., 2010	55	68 ± 6	PostMP (within 2y of MP and past HT≥10y):	fMRI	Visual working memory	ET+HT vs. NT	ET+HT: ↑ iFL r, aC, aIns l, PL r, sPL l, HC l, PHC, pC, raphe	= Performance
	[S:+2]	64 ± 5	gr1 (n = 17): CEE					Corr +: performance and activation Hipp r, meTL
		66 ± 5	gr2 (n = 20): CEE+P
			gr3 (n = 18): NT
						ET vs. NT	ET: ↑ sFL, aIns l, pIns, sPL r, iPL, HC l, PC
						HT vs. NT	HT: ↑ pFC r, iFL r, sFL l, Pu l, Ins r, aIns l, pIns l, sPL r, HC, PHG l, pC, midbrain raphe
						HT vs. ET	HT: ↑ sPC l, PHG
							ET: ↑ sFL r, pFC r, sPC r
Gleason et al., 2006	23	58 ± 5	PostMP	fMRI	Cognitive	HT vs. NT	HT: ↑ HC r, vpTL l	E > NT > CEE memory performance
	[S:+2]		gr1 (n = 4): opposed E
			gr2 (n = 10): opposed CEE
			gr3 (n = 9): NT
Maki and Resnick, 2000	28	66 ± 6	gr1 (n = 12): E (+P, n = 6) (pastET≈15y) + 2y	PET (2x)	Verbal memory	ET vs. NT	ET: ↑ HC r, Ins r, sTG l	HT: ↑ memory performance
	[S:+2]	68 ± 6	gr2 (n = 16): NT (pastET, n = 5) + 2y	[15O] water		Verbal vs. rest	NT: ↑ ACC l
						Over time
					Figural memory	ET vs. NT	ET: ↑ pPHG r, iFG r
						Figural vs. rest	NT: ↑ miTG r, ↓Cb r
						Over time
Resnick et al., 1998	32	68 ± 6	gr1 (n = 15): ET (+P, n = 7)	PET	Resting state	/	/	HT: ↑ figural and verbal memory
	[S:+2]	65 ± 6	gr2 (n = 17): NT (pastET, n = 5)	[15O] water
					Verbal memory	ET vs. NT	ET: ↓ PHG r, PCun r, dFG r
						Verbal vs. rest	NT: ↑ iFC r, ↓ Hy l
					Figural memory	ET vs. NT	ET: ↑ iPL r, ↓ PHG r, NT: ↑ visual ass cortex l, ↓ aThal l, MB r
						Figural vs. rest

See Appendix for acronyms/abbreviations.