Table 4.
Associations with Occurrence of an Abnormal Finding on EGD
| Single variable analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | OR [95% CI] | p-Value | OR [95% CI] | p-Value |
| Demographic information | ||||
| Age at EGD | Overall test for difference: p=0.004 | Overall test for difference: p=0.007 | ||
| <45 years | 1.00 (reference) | N/A | 1.00 (reference) | N/A |
| 45–55 years | 1.88 [0.97, 3.64] | 0.061 | 1.82 [0.93, 3.54] | 0.079 |
| >55 years | 2.98 [1.57, 5.71] | 0.001 | 2.86 [1.49, 5.52] | 0.002 |
| Gender (male) | 1.63 [0.79, 3.39] | 0.19 | 1.67 [0.79, 3.56] | 0.18 |
| BMI at EGD | Overall test for difference: p=0.097 | Overall test for difference: p=0.30 | ||
| <40 | 1.00 (reference) | N/A | 1.00 (reference) | |
| 40–45 | 0.57 [0.28, 1.17] | 0.12 | 0.65 [0.31, 1.36] | 0.25 |
| >45 | 0.47 [0.23, 0.94] | 0.032 | 0.57 [0.28, 1.18] | 0.13 |
| Race (non-Caucasian) | 0.68 [0.36, 1.29] | 0.23 | 0.98 [0.49, 1.94] | 0.95 |
| Comorbid conditions | ||||
| Current smoker | 0.77 [0.20, 2.95] | 0.70 | 0.94 [0.24, 3.74] | 0.93 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 1.03 [0.60, 1.76] | 0.91 | 0.89 [0.51, 1.55] | 0.67 |
| Hypertension | 1.13 [0.66, 1.93] | 0.66 | 0.88 [0.49, 1.57] | 0.66 |
| Coronary artery disease | 1.77 [0.55, 5.74] | 0.34 | 1.16 [0.35, 3.91] | 0.81 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.33 [0.76, 2.32] | 0.31 | 1.15 [0.64, 2.08] | 0.64 |
| Asthma/COPD | 1.48 [0.58, 3.74] | 0.41 | 1.51 [0.58, 3.95] | 0.40 |
| Depression, anxiety, or other psychiatric disease | 1.46 [0.82, 2.60] | 0.19 | 1.37 [0.75, 2.48] | 0.30 |
| GERD | 1.81 [1.05, 3.11] | 0.033 | 1.70 [0.98, 2.97] | 0.061 |
| Arthritis | 1.59 [0.92, 2.76] | 0.097 | 1.37 [0.77, 2.42] | 0.29 |
| Hypothyroidism | 1.06 [0.51, 2.23] | 0.87 | 1.01 [0.47, 2.20] | 0.97 |
| Other significant comorbidity | 2.92 [0.62, 13.84] | 0.18 | 3.44 [0.71, 16.69] | 0.13 |
| Symptoms at time of pre-endoscopy visit | ||||
| Any symptoms | 1.02 [0.59, 1.77] | 0.95 | 0.78 [0.41, 1.47] | 0.43 |
| Abdominal pain | 1.77 [0.55, 5.74] | 0.34 | 1.65 [0.49, 5.56] | 0.42 |
| Heartburn | 0.97 [0.54, 1.75] | 0.93 | 0.67 [0.33, 1.37] | 0.27 |
| Acid regurgitation | 0.94 [0.48, 1.85] | 0.86 | 0.65 [0.29, 1.43] | 0.28 |
| Nausea with or without vomiting | 2.92 [0.62, 13.84] | 0.18 | 2.77 [0.56, 13.59] | 0.21 |
| Diarrhea | 1.58 [0.30, 8.30] | 0.59 | 1.60 [0.29, 8.79] | 0.59 |
| Anemia | 1.26 [0.31, 5.15] | 0.75 | 1.20 [0.28, 5.19] | 0.81 |
| Iron deficiency | 0.61 [0.12, 3.11] | 0.56 | 0.64 [0.12, 3.55] | 0.61 |
OR, odds ratio. ORs, 95% CIs, and p-values result from logistic regression models. Multivariable models were adjusted for any variable with a p-value of ≤0.05 in single variable analysis, which were age at EGD and GERD. An OR >1 indicates an increased likelihood of an abnormal finding on EGD when the given characteristic is present, while an OR <1 indicates a decreased likelihood of an abnormal finding on EGD when the given characteristic is present.