Stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) expression in irradiation-preconditioned animals is generally co-localized with transplanted BMSCs. Representative fluorescence micrographs of the proximal tibia marrow space of BMSC-transplanted tibiae at 1.32×107 cells/mL (100%) 4 weeks post-transplantation. (A) Nonirradiated and (B) irradiated animals. (A1, 2) Few GFP-positive or SDF-1-positive cells (arrows) lining trabecular structures without apparent co-localization in nonirradiated tibiae. (B1, 2) Abundant GFP- and SDF-1-double positive cells (arrows) in irradiated tibiae (M: marrow, T: trabecular bone, 40×, scale bar 40 μm, GFP=green, SDF-1=red, DAPI=blue, n=7 animals per group). Color images available online at www.liebertpub.com/tea