A, D54-GCaMP3/dsRed cells were implanted in the neocortex of mice. Cells in the periphery of the tumour were investigated. B, relevant time points before, during and after bradykinin application (100 nm, 2 min) are shown for the left cell in A (see also Supporting information videos S2 and S3). C, fluorescence traces of the 4 protrusions (ROI 1–4 indicated in the insert) and [Ca2+]i of the example cell. ROI 5 in the middle of the cell did not show dsRed fluorescence changes in response to bradykinin (n = 6 of 9 cells in 3 recordings).