Table 1.

Summary prognostic accuracy of provocative diskography for spinal fusion outcome

Study	Sample size	Sensitivity	Specificity	Positive predictive value	Negative predictive value	Positive LR (95% CI)	Negative LR (95% CI)
Colhoun et al63	168	0.88	0.48	0.88	0.48	1.71 (1.21–2.41)	0.24 (0.13–0.43)
Esses et al64	22	0.40	0.43	0.60	0.25	0.70 (0.29–1.70)	1.40 (0.54–3.62)
Gill and Blumenthal65	53	0.81	0.41	0.74	0.50	1.37 (0.89–2.10)	0.47 (0.20–1.13)
Willems et al66	82	0.73	0.27	0.45	0.55	0.99 (0.76–1.30)	1.01 (0.49–2.08)

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; LR, likelihood ratio.