Table 2.

Univariate analysis of the predictors of lymphedema severity

Factor	Mean UELI (SD)	p value
Axillary lymph node evaluation
ALND	106.9 (16.6)
SLN biopsy	91.8 (10.1)	0.006*
Radiation
History of radiation	107.1 (16.2)
No history of radiation	97.4 (15.8)	0.045*
Chemotherapy
History of chemotherapy	105.2 (18.0)
No history of chemotherapy	97.2 (5.8)	0.023*
Smoking
Never smoked	104.1 (15.86)
Ever smoked	103.0 (17.65)	0.807
Surgical Complication
History of complication	106.5 (15.1)
No complication	102.7 (17.1)	0.490
Reconstruction
Immediate	99.6 (14.1)
No reconstruction or delayed	103.8 (16.8)	0.673
ISL Stage
Stage 1	90.5 (9.4)
Stage 2	109.7 (15.7)	<0.001*
Age
Less than 50 years	97.9 (13.1)
Greater than 50 years	108.8 (17.9)	0.018*
Clinical stage
Less than 3	103.9 (17.3)
Greater than 3	107.0 (13.0)	0.654
Pathologic stage
Less than 3	98.4 (14.7)
Greater than 3	112.1 (15.3)	0.005*

UELI upper extremity lymphedema index; ALND axillary lymph node dissection; SNL sentinel lymph node; ISL international society of lymphology