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. 2014 Oct 20;16(10):e236. doi: 10.2196/jmir.3416

Table 3.

Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test of ILIa, Twitter, and Google search query data with first order lag.



ΔILIb ΔTwitter infectionb ΔGoogle search queryb


t statisticc probability t statisticc probability t statisticc probability
ADF test
−12.544 0.000 −19.358 0.000 −6.920 0.000
Test critical values

1% level −3.463   −3.463   −3.463  

5% level −2.876   −2.876   −2.876  

10% level −2.574   −2.574   −2.574  


Stationary Stationary Stationary

aILI: influenza-like illness

bΔ=first order lag

cDegrees of freedom=202