Table 5. Modifications of inflammatory profile.
| Variable (pg/ml) | Kamut Pre | Kamut post | Change | P-value | Control pre | Control post | Change | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-1ra | 36.1 (0.78–71.4) | 22.9 (3.48–42.5) | −13.06 (−29.1; 3.00) | 0.1 | 24.6 (11.1–38.1) | 17.4 (11.3–23.3) | −7.26 (−16.3; 1.81) | 0.1 |
| IL-4 | 0.34 (0.20–0.48) | 0.29 (0.16–0.43) | −0.05 (−0.09; 0.005) | 0.07 | 0.37 (0.23–0.51) | 0.31 (0.19–0.43) | −0.06 (−0.17; 0.04) | 0.2 |
| IL-6 | 3.56 (2.73–4.39) | 2.72 (2.23–3.21) | −0.84 (−1.52; −0.16) | 0.02 | 3.13 (2.28–3.98) | 3.05 (2.24–3.86) | −0.09 (−0.74; 0.57) | 0.9 |
| IL-8 | 32.04 (13.5–50.6) | 22.8 (11.6–47.4) | −9.18 (−28.7; 10.4) | 0.3 | 23.2 (10.8–35.6) | 22.1 (6.7–37.6) | −1.05 (−8.01; 5.90) | 0.8 |
| IL-10 | 7.30 (3.13–11.5) | 4.76 (2.92–6.59) | −2.55 (−5.57; 0.47) | 0.09 | 4.82 (3.90–5.74) | 4.34 (3.29–9.38) | −0.48 (−1.50; 0.54) | 0.3 |
| IL-12 | 11.7 (8.99–14.4) | 8.39 (6.37–10.4) | −3.29 (−4.81; −1.78) | <0.0001 | 10.7 (9.19–12.28) | 9.27 (7.64–10.89) | −1.47 (−3.26; 0.33) | 0.1 |
| IL-17 | 3.11 (2.35–3.87) | 2.61 (1.85–3.38) | −0.49 (−1.29; 0.31) | 0.2 | 3.17 (2.15–4.19) | 2.54 (1.39–3.70) | −0.63 (−1.53; 0.27) | 0.2 |
| IP-10 | 837.2 (586.3–1088) | 807.1 (579.7–1034.6) | −30 (−95.9; 35.9) | 0.3 | 863.1 (562.9–1163.4) | 838.3 (610.3–1066.2) | −24.9 (−225.9; 176.2) | 0.8 |
| MCP-1 | 54 (38.2–69.8) | 44.8 (32.7–56.9) | −9.20 (−16.9; −1.42) | 0.02 | 55.4 (38.9–71.8) | 45.9 (31.6–60.4) | −9.37 (−15.4; −3.34) | 0.005 |
| MIP-1β | 171.3 (114.7–200.8) | 146.2 (117.7–174.7) | −25.1 (−42.6; −7.55) | 0.008 | 169.8 (133.1–206.5) | 138.1 (113.4–162.9) | −31.7 (−48.8; −14.6) | 0.001 |
| TNF-α, | 8.27 (5.18–11.4) | 5.42 (3.82–7.01) | −2.86 (−5.63; −0.09) | 0.04 | 6.34 (4.22–8.45) | 7.47 (4.39–10.5) | 1.13 (−2.56; 4.82) | 0.5 |
| VEGF | 77.5 (64.9–90.2) | 69.3 (54.2–84.5) | −8.18 (−16.0; −3.43) | 0.04 | 84.4 (71.3–97.5) | 74.9 (58.3–91.4) | −9.54 (−20.5; 1.40) | 0.08 |
Abbreviations: IP-10, interferon gamma-induced protein-10; MCP-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1; MIP-1β, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor-α VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor. Data are reported as geometric mean and (range). General linear model adjusted for age, gender, smoking habit, hypertension and physical activity.