Table 2.
Reported Pro106 target-site mutations in EPSPS endowing glyphosate resistance in weed species
| Species | Reference | Pro106a to | Fold resistance | Other mechanisms detected? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eleusine indica | 16 | Ser | 2–4 | No |
| Amaranthus tuberculatus | 74 | Ser | 5 | Yes, reduced translocation |
| Amaranthus tuberculatus | 75 | Ser | 5 | No, Ser mutation did not fully account for resistance |
| Echinochloa colona | 108 | Ser | 6.6 | No |
| Lolium multiflorum | 109 | Ser | 2–5 | No |
| Ala | 5–15 | |||
| Eleusine indica | 110, 111 | Ser | 3 | No |
| Thr | 3 | |||
| Digitaria insularis | 88 | Thr | 4 | Yes, reduced absorption and reduced translocation |
| Eleusine indica | 112 | Ser | 2 | No |
| Lolium rigidum | 107 | Leu | 1.7 | Yes, unknown mechanism |
| Lolium rigidum | 106 | Ser | 6–8 | Yes, reduced translocation |
| Thr | 8–11 | Yes, reduced translocation | ||
| Lolium multiflorum | 113 | Ser | 5 | Yes, reduced translocation |
| Lolium multiflorum | 114 | Ser | 5 | No, reduced translocation detected in different population |
| Lolium rigidum | 115 | Thr | 2–3 | No |
| Lolium rigidum | 34 | Ser & Leu | 16–21 | No, but other mechanisms suspected |
| Lolium rigidum | 116 | Ser | — | No |
| Lolium rigidum | 117 | Ala | 14 | Yes, reduced translocation |
a
Numbered relative to the start of the mature EPSPS enzyme in plants; for example, the first ten amino acids of the mature petunia EPSPS (GenBank M21084.1) are KPSEIVLQPI, and for the Arabidopsis EPSPS gene AT2G45300 the first ten are KASEIVLQPI.