Table 1.
Studies Reviewed
| Author | Year | Patient # |
Design | Sham (yes/no) |
Biomarker | Clinical Outcome (pos/neg) |
BM vs. Clinical Correlation (pos/neg) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neuroimaging | Kito | 2008 | 14 | Open-label trial | no | SPECT | pos | pos |
| Conca | 2002 | 4 | Open-label Trial | no | SPECT | pos | NR | |
| Baeken | 2010 | 21 | Cross Over Trial | no | SPECT | pos | pos | |
| Furtado | 2012 | 46 | Cross Over Trial | no | fMRI | pos | neg | |
| Kito | 2012 | 26 | Open label trial | no | SPECT | pos | pos | |
| Kito | 2011 | 14 | Case report | no | SPECT | pos | pos | |
| Kozel | 2011 | 14 | Randomized Trial | yes | fMRI (dMRI) | pos | pos | |
| Kuroda | 2010 | 8 | Open-label Trial | no | PET | pos | neg | |
| Li | 2010 | 23 | Open-label Trial | yes | PET | pos | pos | |
| Palliere Martinot | 2011 | 31 | Parallel Randomized Trial | yes | PET-MRI | pos | pos | |
| Peng | 2012 | 30 | Parallel Randomized Trial | yes | fMRI | pos | pos | |
| Richieri | 2011 | 33 | Open-label trial | no | SPECT | pos | pos | |
| Zheng | 2010 | 34 | Parallel Randomized Trial | yes | MRSI | pos | pos | |
| Kito | 2008 | 14 | Open-label trial | no | SPECT | pos | pos | |
| Loo | 2003 | 18 | Parallel Randomized Trial | yes | SPECT | pos | pos | |
| Pogarell | 2006 | 5 | Cross-over trial | no | SPECT | pos | pos | |
| Nadeau | 2002 | 7 | Open-label trial | no | SPECT | pos | neg | |
| Peschina | 2001 | 4 | Pilot Study | no | SPECT | pos | NR | |
| Baeken | 2009 | 21 | Cross-over Trial | no | PET | pos | pos | |
| Herwig | 2003 | 25 | Parallel Randomized Trial | yes | PET | pos | neg | |
| Nahas | 2000 | 32 | Parallel Randomized Trial | no | fMRI | pos | neg | |
| Li | 2004 | 14 | Open-label Trial | no | fMRI | pos | pos | |
| Li | 2003 | 14 | Cross-over Trial | no | fMRI | pos | neg | |
| Herbsman | 2009 | 54 | Parallel Randomized Trial | yes | fMRI | pos | pos | |
| Fitzgerald | 2007 | 26 | Parallel Randomized Trial | no | fMRI | pos | pos | |
| Luborzewski | 2006 | 17 | Open-label Trial | no | MRS | pos | pos | |
| Eschweiler | 2000 | 12 | Cross-over Trial | yes | NIRS | pos | neg | |
| Electrophysiological | Micolaud-Franchi | 2012 | 13 | Open-label trial | no | EEG | pos | pos |
| Arns | 2010 | 18 | Cross-over Trial | no | EEG | pos | pos | |
| Croakin | 2012 | 8 | Open-label Trial | no | Cortical excitability | pos | neg | |
| Price | 2008 | 39 | Parallel Randomized Trial | not stated | EEG | pos | neg | |
| Khodayari-Rostamabad | 2011 | 27 | Pilot study | yes | EEG | pos | pos | |
| Narushima | 2010 | 65 | Parallel Randomized Trial | yes | EEG | pos | pos | |
| Berman | 2000 | 20 | Parallel Randomized Trial | yes | EEG | pos | neg | |
| Chistyakov | 2005 | 59 | Parallel Randomized Trial | yes | cortical excitability (single/paired pulse TMS) | pos | pos | |
| Triggs | 1999 | 10 | Open-label Trial | no | Cortical excitability (single/paired pulse TMS) | pos | NR | |
| Maeda | 2000 | 16 | Parallel Randomized Trial | yes | Cortical excitability (single/paired pulse TMS) | pos | pos | |
| Bajwa | 2008 | 13 | Parallel Randomized Trial | yes | Cortical excitability (single/paired pulse TMS | pos | pos | |
| Crevits | 2005 | 11 | Open-label Trial | no | Saccades | pos | neg | |
| Neuroimmunoendocrine | Reid | 1999 | 1 | Case report | no | Serum cortisol | pos | pos |
| Zwanzger | 2003 | 37 | Open-label Trial | no | Serum Cortisol | pos | pos | |
| Malaguti | 2011 | 90 | Open-label trial | no | DNA analysis SERTPR, 5-HT1A, and COMT genes | pos | pos (for 5HT 1a) neg (for COMT and SERTPR) | |
| Trojak | 2011 | 1 | Case report | no | TSH (plasma) | NA | pos | |
| Yukimasa | 2006 | 26 | Cross-over Trial | no | Plasma BDNF | pos | pos | |
| Zanardini | 2006 | 16 | Open-label Trial | no | Serum BDNF | pos | pos | |
| Kuroda | 2006 | 9 | Open-label Trial | yes | Dopamine | pos | neg | |
| Miniussi | 2005 | 71 | Cross-over Trial | yes | Dopamine and Serotonin | pos | neg | |
| Kito | 2009 | 19 | Open-label Trial | no | TSH | pos | pos | |
| Szuba | 2001 | 16 | Parallel Randomized Trial | yes | TSH | pos | neg* | |
| Langguth | 2005 | 1 | Open-label Trial | no | C reactive protein, soluble IL2-R, IL6, IL10, TNF | pos | neg | |
| Huang | 2008 | 46 | Open-label trial | no | LH, FSH, Progesterone and estradiol | pos | pos | |
| Padberg | 2002 | 37 | Open-label Trial | no | Plasma Neuroactive steroids (i.e, progesterone, DHEA) | pos | neg |
Abbreviations: SPECT: Single-photon emission computed tomography; PET: Positron emission tomography; fMRI: Functional magnetic resonance imaging; MRSI: Magnetic Resonance Spectrum Imaging; MRS: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy; NIRS: Near infrared spectroscopy; EEG: Electroencephalography; TSH: Thyroid stimulating hormone; IL: Interleukin; LH: Luteinizing hormone; FSH: Follicle stimulating hormone; DHEA: Dehydroepiandrosterone; SERTPR: Serotonin transporter promoter region, 5-HT1A : Serotonin receptor 1a; COMT: Catechol-O-methyltransferase NR: Not reported
*
No correlation, but significant group differences