Table 1.
Characteristics pregnant women participating in the study to validate the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale in northern Uganda, October 2012–December 2012
| Variable | Estimate | Overall (n = 123) | HIV- (n = 87) | HIV + (n = 36) | HIV- vs. HIV + p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational age at interview, weeks | Mean (s.e.) | 18.3 (0.36) | 18.3 (0.43) | 18.5 (0.66) | n.s.*** |
| Participant speaks Acholi or Langi | % | 91.9% | 91.9% | 91.7% | n.s. |
| Participants’ age, years | Mean (s.e.) | 24.3 (0.44) | 23.3 (0.49) | 26.5 (0.76) | 0.001 |
| Woman identifies as married or cohabiting | % | 87.0% | 93.1% | 71.2% | 0.002 |
| Primary or no education | % | 53.7% | 49.4% | 63.9% | n.s. |
| Woman identifies as housewife | % | 50.4% | 51.7% | 47.2% | n.s. |
| Monthly household income per capita (in Uganda Shillings)* | Mean (s.e.) | 87,005 (9,229) | 93,105 (10,991) | 72,433 (16,988) | n.s. |
| MINI-defined current major depressive disorder | % | 35.8% | 28.7% | 52.9% | 0.011 |
| Unadjusted CES-D score | Mean (s.e.) | 17.1 (1.24) | 14.6 (1.42) | 23.2 (2.21) | 0.001 |
| Adjusted CES-D score** | Mean (s.e.) | n/a | 15.3 (1.44) | 21.5 (2.33) | 0.032 |
*At the time the study was done, 1 US Dollar was equivalent to 2,500 Ugandan Shillings.
**Differences in CES-D scores between HIV-infected and -uninfected pregnant women after adjusting for age and marital status.
***n.s. refers to non-significant.