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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Nov 4.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Metab. 2014 Nov 4;20(5):769–778. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.10.002

Figure 2. Microbial corrinoid metabolism in the gut.

Figure 2

In coprophagic and ruminant animals, gut microbes provide a direct source of cobalamin (direct effect) (Girard et al., 2009). In insects, corrinoids are essential cofactors for obligate symbionts that provide key nutrients to the host (indirect effect) (McCutcheon et al., 2009). Competition and exchange of corrinoids likely shape gut microbial community composition and expressed functions in humans and other animals (microbiome remodeling) (Allen and Stabler, 2008; Goodman et al., 2011; Seth and Taga, 2014).