Table 2.

An illustration of line-by-line coding and development of analytical themes

Text	Codes	Descriptive themes	Analytical themes
‘The husband is everything in the house. He brings food and pays for basic needs in the family. Thus, when it comes to sex, he demands rather than requesting. He sees that all financial expenditure that he does for the welfare of his wife and the family should be acknowledged by being granted access to sex as he wishes. The wife's decision not to comply may trigger her husband's anger and she agrees to have non-consensual sex in order to avoid impending physical violence’.	Male dominance Bread earner Financial support to the woman Financial support to the family Sexual demands Demand for sexual appreciation Non-compliance trigger anger Non-consensual sex Avoidance of physical violence Sex as per husband's wish	Husband is economically dominant The woman depends on her husband for food and other basic needs The woman is compelled to render sexual service to her husband in return for financial/social support from him.	Economic powerlessness exposes women to violence
The man does not agree to be denied his marital right to sex, he forces even if you are tired or sick, he asks: ‘what did I marry you for? I paid the pride price to your family’. He threatens because he owns you	Man's marital right to sex No regard for the woman's concerns Sex: a reason for marriage Culture of paying bride price Bride price grants ‘ownership’ Threats	The woman is perceived as a ‘purchased’ sexual object The woman is forced into submission	Husband assumes ownership of his wife
In this community, men are fond of taking alcohol. A man who goes to alcohol clubs may easily be tempted to engage in extramarital sexual relationships. And when he does so and his wife happens to know she may resist having sex with him. That is when the husband decides to have sex forcefully	Alcohol highly valued by men Men indulge in alcohol drinking Alcohol clubs are meeting places Drunkard men likely to initiate and engage in extramarital sexual affairs Women's resistance to Drunkard men's sexual advances Forced sex	Alcohol aids in masculine identity construction. The state of drunkenness pushes men to initiate and engage in extramarital sexual affairs	Synergy between masculinity and alcohol consumption
Even if you know that your husband has an extramarital sexual partner, it is very difficult for the wife to refuse not to have sex with him. Eeh, it is his right. It is the matrimonial vows that keep us trapped. As a woman you are obliged to obey your husband. Therefore, you have to agree to have sex even though grudgingly – otherwise marriage may breakdown	High-risk husband Inability to refuse to have sex The role of matrimonial vows Obedience expected Sexual compliance out of necessity Non-consensual sex Threat of marriage breakdown	The woman is unable to refuse to have sex with a high-risk husband A good woman is expected to be tolerant and obedient to her husband under all conditions	Compelled tolerance of high-risk sex in marriage