Table 3.
Multivariable logistic regression models of the associations between walkability and motorized transport, cycling and walking.
| Frequent user of motorized transport | Frequent user of cycling for transport | Frequent user of walking for transport | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | ||||
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |
| Walkability | ||||||
| High vs. low | 0.24*** (0.14–0.40) | 0.33*** (0.18–0.58) | 2.11*** (1.52–2.92) | 1.50* (1.01–2.23) | 2.44*** (1.63–3.64) | 1.65* (1.03–2.65) |
| Life stage | ||||||
| Young adult | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) | 1.0 (ref.) | |||
| Parent | 1.33 (0.67–2.65) | 0.53* (0.31–0.91) | 0.76 (0.40–1.44) | |||
| Midlife adult | 1.18 (0.66–2.11) | 0.56* (0.35–0.90) | 0.70 (0.39–1.26) | |||
| Self-selection | ||||||
| Destination accessibility | 1.25 (0.96–1.62) | 1.06 (0.86–1.31) | 1.54*** (1.20–1.98) | |||
| Public service | 1.19 (0.90–1.58) | 1.12 (0.90–1.38) | 0.69* (0.54–0.90) | |||
| Affordable | 0.79 (0.62–1.01) | 1.22 (1.01–1.47)* | 1.02 (0.81–1.28) | |||
| Distance to work or education | ||||||
| <5 km | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.0 (ref) | |||
| >5 km | 3.78*** (2.06–6.94) | 0.49*** (0.32–0.74) | 1.33 (0.81–2.19) | |||
| Unemployed | 1.93* (1.02–3.62) | 0.72 (0.44–1.19) | 1.90* (1.00–3.60) | |||
| Demographic | ||||||
| Gender | 1.02 (0.65–1.61) | 1.19 (0.84–1.68) | 1.29 (0.85–1.96) | |||
| Nativity | 0.53 (0.24–1.17) | 0.89 (0.47–1.66) | 0.90 (0.43–1.87) | |||
| Tertiary education | 1.03 (0.66–1.62) | 1.49 (1.04–2.15)* | 1.28 (0.83–1.96) | |||
| Below median household income | 0.78 (0.48–1.28) | 0.99 (0.65–1.52) | 1.00 (0.59–1.68) | |||
| ICCa) | 2.0% | <1% | <1% | <1% | <1% | <1% |
a)
ICC in the variance components models were 14.9%, 3.4% and 5.9% for motorized transport, cycling and walking, respectively.
*
p<0.05;
**
p<0.01;
***
p<0,001