Table 4.
Effect sizes (Cohen’s d) for VSWM and PLTM between adjacent levels and the highest vs. lowest levels of Age and Hear, for the same analyses shown in Table 3 and Figure 1.
| Age, years | Cohen’s d | |
|---|---|---|
| VSWM | PLTM | |
| <48 vs. 48–57 | 0.162 | 0.059 |
| 48–57 vs. 58–67 | 0.171 | 0.162 |
| 58–67 vs. >67 | 0.146 | 0.214 |
| <48 vs. >67 | 0.478 | 0.461 |
| Hear | ||
| Normal vs. Insufficient | 0.134 | 0.250 |
| Insufficient vs. Poor | 0.041 | 0.324 |
| Normal vs. Poor | 0.175 | 0.646 |
Note. The values in the Table can be compared to Cohen’s (1988) proposed rules of thumb for interpreting effect sizes: a “small” effect size is 0.20, a “medium” effect size is 0.50, and a “large” effect size is 0.80.