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. 2014 Dec 9;8:424. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00424

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Copyright © 2014 McCall, Steinbeis, Ricard and Singer.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Plots depicting pooled means and standard errors of responses in the dictator game with third-party punishment and recompense (3PR). Punishment is represented as a negative number where one MU spent to punish is −1 MU. Recompense is represented as a positive number where one MU spent to recompense is +1 MU. The mixed models of these data revealed that as dictator offers decreased, participants punished the dictators and recompensed the second players more (ps < 0.001). LTPs' punishment behavior did not differ from controls, but they were more likely to recompense (p_onetailed = 0.03). Moreover, LTPs' recompensatory behavior was more strongly coupled with Dictator Offers (p = 0.05).