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Defectors (D) significantly out-earn cooperators (C) when b/c ≤ k (A), but not when b/c > k (B). Shown is the distribution of payoffs relative to average session payoff, with one observation per subject per round, for C (blue) and D (red). To make payoffs comparable across conditions, they are normalized by the maximum possible relative payoff [bk − ck(N − 1)]/N, where N is the number of players in the session.
