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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 21.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Rep. 2014 Aug 14;8(4):1160–1170. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.07.018

Figure 1. Dietary protein restriction mediates stress resistance independent of GCN2.

Figure 1

(A) Serum LDH, ALT and AST activity before ischemia (0 hr) and 3 hrs after reperfusion in male mice preconditioned on the indicated diets for 1 wk prior to hepatic IRI; n = 5 mice/group. Complete: ad libitum access to complete diet; 35% DR: 65% of ad libitum food allowance on complete diet; 55% DR: 45% of ad libitum food allowance on complete diet, PR: 65% of ad libitum food allowance on protein-free diet. Asterisks indicate the significance of the difference vs. the Complete group by 1-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s test for multiple comparisons, multiplicity adjusted p-values; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.005, ***p < 0.0005, ****p < 0.0001.

(B) Serum ALT activity before ischemia (0 hr) and 3 hrs after reperfusion in female GCN2KO mice preconditioned on the indicated diets for 1 wk prior to hepatic IRI; n = 4–5 mice/group. Complete: ad libitum access to complete diet; PR: 65% of ad libitum food allowance on protein-free diet; Trp−: 65% of ad libitum food allowance on tryptophan-free diet. Asterisk indicates the significance of the difference vs. the Complete group by student’s t-test; *p < 0.05.

(C) Immunoblots of markers of mTORC1 signaling in extracts from primary dermal fibroblasts or hepatocytes isolated from WT or GCN2KO mice and treated with the indicated media in the presence of 10% dialyzed FBS (2 hrs for MDFs, 3 hrs for hepatocytes). Complete: complete DMEM; AA-free: amino acid-free DMEM; MEM: minimum essential medium amino acid mix; AA: all amino acids added back to 1× DMEM concentration; Rapamycin: 20 nM.

Data in all panels are shown as means ± SD. See also Figure S1.