Table 1. Differentially regulated proteins involved in essential amino-acid pathways of Buchnera-LSR1.

Protein name	Pathway	ANOVA P-valuea	Fold change	Transcription factorsb	qRT-PCRc
Upregulated in bacteriocytes
HisG	Histidine	0.0089	1.8	DksA	NS
HisC	Histidine	0.003	1.6	DksA	NS
IlvH	Branched-chain amino acids	0.0017	1.5	Hns	—
Upregulated in embryos
AroK	Aromatic amino acids	0.0063	1.6	*2	—
SerC	Sulfate reduction	0.0124	1.7	*2	—
ThrB	Threonine	0.0058	1.7	DksA	NS
ArgA	Arginine	0.0004	2.1	*1	NS
Fba	Glycolysis	0.0087	2.2	*2	NS
LysA	Lysine	0.0002	2.8	*2	NS

Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; LFQ, label-free quantification; NS, not significantly different between treatments; qRT-PCR, quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR; ‘—', not tested.

^aLFQ analysis of Buchnera proteins between two Buchnera life stages.

^bTranscription factors conserved in Buchnera that are critical for E.coli regulation. *N indicates the number of E. coli transcription factors that are missing in Buchnera.

^cQuantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR was conducted between life stage treatments for the specific gene with differential protein expression.