Figure 1.

ATP synthase and ETC complexes were ectopically expressed on the PM of breast cancer cells. (a) 2 × 10⁴ breast cancer cells (MCF7, T47D, and MDA-MB-231) or non-tumorigenic breast cells (MCF10A) were seeded onto poly-L-lysine-coated coverslips. Cells were incubated with antibody-probing ATP synthase β subunit (upper) or with whole ATP synthase complex (lower). (b) MCF7 cells were incubated with antibody-probing ETC complex proteins NDUFB4, SDHA, UQRC2, COX5, or ATP synthase under permeable or nonpermeable conditions. Cells were subjected to labeling with anti-mouse IgG-Alexa488 (green) and then stained with nuclear DAPI (blue). Bars represent 10 μm