Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of 355 childhood arterial ischemic stroke cases
| n | (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||
| Age in years, median (IQR) | 7.6 | (2.8, 14.3) |
| Male gender | 199 | (56.1) |
| Race | ||
| White | 230 | (64.8) |
| Black | 39 | (11.0) |
| Indian/South Asian | 26 | (7.3) |
| East Asian | 9 | (2.5) |
| First Nations/Aboriginal | 4 | (1.1) |
| Middle Eastern | 3 | (0.8) |
| Pacific Islander | 1 | (0.3) |
| Mixed or other | 38 | (10.7) |
| Unknown | 5 | (1.4) |
| Ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic | 289 | (81.4) |
| Hispanic | 47 | (13.2) |
| Mixed or other | 19 | (5.4) |
| Country | ||
| USA | 223 | (62.8) |
| Canada | 60 | (16.9) |
| Australia | 16 | (4.5) |
| Philippines | 16 | (4.5) |
| Chile | 14 | (3.9) |
| United Kingdom | 11 | (3.1) |
| France | 6 | (1.7) |
| Serbia | 5 | (1.4) |
| China | 4 | (1.1) |
| Stroke presentation | ||
| Focal signs | ||
| Hemiparesis | 285 | (80.3) |
| Dysarthria | 97 | (27.3) |
| Aphasia | 79 | (22.3) |
| Ataxia | 71 | (20.0) |
| Visual field deficit | 46 | (13.0) |
| Non-focal signs | ||
| Headache | 126 | (35.5) |
| Decreased level of consciousness | 102 | (28.7) |
| Nausea/vomiting | 85 | (23.9) |
| Seizures at presentation | 84 | (23.7) |
| Vertigo | 40 | (11.3) |
| Diplopia | 12 | (3.4) |
| Papilledema | 4 | (1.1) |
| Risk factors or co-morbidities (not mutually exclusive) | ||
| Cardiac disease | 107 | (30.1) |
| Congenital heart disease | 64 | (18.0) |
| Acquired heart disease | 21 | (5.9) |
| Isolated patent foramen ovale | 21 | (5.9) |
| Stroke at cardiac surgery (<72 hours) | 10 | (2.8) |
| Other cardiac disease | 41 | (11.5) |
| Other chronic disorders | ||
| Sickle cell anemia | 13 | (3.7) |
| Downs syndrome | 11 | (3.1) |
| Other genetic syndrome | 16 | (4.5) |
| Migraine | 12 | (3.4) |
| Prothrombotic state | 10 | (2.8) |
| Oral contraceptives (females only) | 10 | (6.4) |
| Indwelling catheter | 9 | (2.5) |
| Iron deficiency anemia | 6 | (1.7) |
| Brain tumor | 5 | (1.4) |
| Benign | 2 | (0.6) |
| Malignant | 3 | (0.8) |
| Aneurysm | 3 | (0.8) |
| PHACES syndrome/hemangioma | 3 | (0.8) |
| Hematologic malignancy | 2 | (0.6) |
| L-asparaginase therapy | 2 | (0.6) |
| Connective tissue disease | 2 | (0.6) |
| Ventriculoperitoneal shunt | 1 | (0.3) |
| Acute systemic illness | ||
| Fever lasting >48 hours | 44 | (12.4) |
| Systemic sepsis or bacteremia | 20 | (5.6) |
| Dehydration | 18 | (5.1) |
| Shock | 9 | (2.5) |
| Viral gastroenteritis | 2 | (0.6) |