Table 3.
Infarct characteristics, and vascular imaging findings in 355 childhood arterial ischemic stroke cases, stratified by primary arteriopathy diagnosis Infarct Characteristics at Baseline
| Arteriopathy | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total N=355 |
Definite N=127 |
Possible N=34 |
No N=194 |
||||||
| n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | P-value | |
| Infarct Characteristics at Baseline | |||||||||
| Location | |||||||||
| Vascular distribution of infarction | |||||||||
| Superficial MCA | 214 | (60.3) | 87 | (68.5) | 15 | (44.1) | 112 | (57.7) | 0.02 |
| Lenticulostriate | 144 | (40.6) | 59 | (46.5) | 11 | (32.4) | 74 | (38.1) | 0.20 |
| PCA | 69 | (19.4) | 15 | (11.8) | 7 | (20.6) | 47 | (24.2) | 0.02 |
| PICA | 37 | (10.4) | 13 | (10.2) | 6 | (17.6) | 18 | (9.3) | 0.34 |
| ACA | 35 | (9.9) | 17 | (13.4) | 3 | (8.8) | 15 | (7.7) | 0.23* |
| SCA | 27 | (7.6) | 8 | (6.3) | 5 | (14.7) | 14 | (7.2) | 0.25 |
| Anterior choroidal | 25 | (7.0) | 8 | (6.3) | 2 | (5.9) | 15 | (7.7) | 0.91 |
| Basilar | 23 | (6.5) | 3 | (2.4) | 3 | (8.8) | 17 | (8.8) | 0.04* |
| AICA | 8 | (2.3) | 1 | (0.8) | 4 | (11.8) | 3 | (1.5) | 0.005* |
| Other | 10 | (2.8) | 5 | (3.9) | 0 | (0.0) | 5 | (2.6) | 0.63* |
| Infarct side | 0.12 | ||||||||
| Left | 121 | (34.1) | 46 | (36.2) | 17 | (50.0) | 58 | (29.9) | |
| Right | 139 | (39.2) | 52 | (40.9) | 10 | (29.4) | 77 | (39.7) | |
| Bilateral | 93 | (26.2) | 29 | (22.8) | 6 | (17.6) | 58 | (29.9) | |
| Volume of largest infarct, cm3 | |||||||||
| Median | 18 | 31 | 19 | 11 | 0.009 | ||||
| (IQR) | (3.2, 69.1) | (5.8, 96.6) | (4.7, 62.1) | (2.7, 51.9) | |||||
| Vascular Imaging Findings | |||||||||
| No pathologic findings | 118 | 33.2 | |||||||
| Pathologic finding | |||||||||
| Occlusion | 164 | (46.2) | 74 | (58.3) | 25 | (73.5) | 65 | (33.5) | 0.0007 |
| Stenosis | 117 | (33.0) | 87 | (68.5) | 11 | (32.4) | 19 | (9.8) | <0.0001 |
| Irregularity | 87 | (24.5) | 65 | (51.2) | 10 | (29.4) | 12 | (6.2) | <0.0001 |
| Ectasia or fusiform (pseudo)aneurysm | 9 | (2.5) | 8 | (6.3) | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (0.5) | 0.02* |
| Banding | 8 | (2.3) | 8 | (6.3) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0.006* |
| Intimal flap or mural hematoma | 3 | (0.8) | 3 | (2.4) | 0 | (0.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 0.15* |
| Pathologically affected vessels | |||||||||
| Arterial segments affected | <0.0001 | ||||||||
| One | 64 | (18.0) | 18 | (14.2) | 16 | (47.1) | 30 | (15.5) | |
| More than one | 173 | (48.7) | 109 | (85.8) | 18 | (52.9) | 46 | (23.7) | |
| Vascular territories affected** | <0.0001* | ||||||||
| One | 162 | (45.6) | 72 | (56.7) | 28 | (82.4) | 62 | (32.0) | |
| Two | 56 | (15.8) | 41 | (32.3) | 5 | (14.7) | 10 | (5.2) | |
| Three | 6 | (1.7) | 3 | (2.4) | 0 | (0.0) | 3 | (1.5) | |
| Four | 13 | (3.7) | 11 | (8.7) | 1 | (2.9) | 1 | (0.5) | |
| Sides affected | <0.0001 | ||||||||
| Unilateral | 165 | (46.5) | 73 | (57.5) | 29 | (85.3) | 63 | (32.5) | |
| Bilateral | 72 | (20.3) | 54 | (42.5) | 5 | (14.7) | 13 | (6.7) | |
| Segments affected | |||||||||
| Proximal MCA (M1) | 153 | (43.1) | 101 | (79.5) | 12 | (35.3) | 40 | (20.6) | <0.0001 |
| Supraclinoid ICA | 103 | (29.0) | 82 | (64.6) | 5 | (14.7) | 16 | (8.2) | <0.0001 |
| Vertebrobasilar | 68 | (19.2) | 34 | (26.8) | 14 | (41.2) | 20 | (10.3) | 0.2 |
| Cervical arteries | 56 | (15.8) | 34 | (26.8) | 11 | (32.4) | 11 | (5.7) | 0.05 |
| Evolution of vascular imaging abnormality | <0.0001* | ||||||||
| Stable | 27 | (7.6) | 16 | (12.6) | 7 | (20.6) | 4 | (2.1) | |
| Improves or resolves | 45 | (12.7) | 20 | (15.7) | 6 | (17.6) | 19 | (9.8) | |
| Progresses | 27 | (7.6) | 22 | (17.3) | 1 | (2.9) | 4 | (2.1) | |
| Progresses then improves or resolves | 14 | (3.9) | 13 | (10.2) | 1 | (2.9) | 0 | (0.0) | |
| No follow-up imaging | 208 | (58.6) | 59 | (46.5) | 19 | (55.9) | 130 | (67.0) | 0.001 |
*
Fisher's exact
**
right anterior, left anterior, right posterior, left posterior circulations
ICA=internal cerebral artery; MCA=middle cerebral artery; ACA=anterior cerebral artery; PCA=posterior cerebral artery; SCA=superior cerebellar artery; AICA=anterior inferior cerebellar artery; PICA=posterior inferior cerebellar artery