Table 3.

Descriptive statistics (M, SD), internal consistency (α), correlations, and paired t-tests for CRSP Sleep Hygiene Indices and Sleep Disturbance scales for the full sample and test-retest subgroup

			Test-Retest subgroup (n=57)
Item	Mean (SD)	α	Time 1 Mean (SD)	Time 2 Mean (SD)	r	t	pd
Sleep Hygiene Index
Caffeine Index	7.15 (2.44)	--	6.98 (2.81)	7.00 (2.63)	0.79***	−0.09	.93
Soda	2.90 (1.16)		2.73 (1.15)	2.73 (1.25)	0.73***
Tea	2.39 (1.24)		2.10 (1.12)	2.08 (1.12)	0.64***
Coffee	1.87 (1.12)		2.21 (1.35)	2.21 (1.26)	0.84***
Activities Before Bed Index	17.69 (3.00)	--	17.0 (2.82)	17.24 (3.22)	0.70***	−0.75	.46
Have activities (dance, sports, etc.)	2.50 (1.27)		2.59 (1.44)	2.68 (1.29)	0.59***
Email/Instant Message	3.25 (1.35)		2.88 (1.21)	3.00 (1.21)	0.66***
Watch TV/Movies	3.78 (0.98)		3.77 (1.04)	3.47 (1.05)	0.47**
Play Video/Computer Games	2.77 (1.23)		2.21 (1.12)	1.12 (0.17)	0.77***
Take Bath/Showera	2.35 (1.25)		2.52 (1.42)	2.89 (1.37)	0.33*
Reada	3.02 (1.13)		2.88 (1.10)	2.84 (1.17)	−0.02
Sleep Location	8.89 (4.04)	--	8.18 (3.78)	8.33 (3.49)	0.82***	−0.49	.63
Fall asleep in sibling's bed	1.32 (0.78)		1.26 (0.82)	1.19 (0.50)	0.81***
Fall asleep in parent's bed	1.42 (0.92)		1.27 (0.73)	1.25 (0.72)	0.49***
Fall asleep in another location in house (e.g., couch)	1.97 (1.07)		1.53 (0.88)	1.60 (0.96)	0.54***
Wake in sibling's bed	1.23 (0.67)		1.09 (0.29)	1.14 (0.41)	0.68***
Wake in parent's bed	1.33 (0.83)		1.30 (0.85)	1.20 (0.67)	0.63***
Wake in another location in the house	1.66 (1.01)		1.30 (0.74)	1.37 (0.76)	0.81***
Electronics Use Before Bed	6.25 (2.80)	--	4.93 (2.31)	5.04 (1.91)	0.68***	−0.47	.64
TV in room	2.02 (1.43)		1.47 (1.14)	1.58 (1.18)	0.87***
Listening to music	2.58 (1.35)		1.98 (1.12)	1.95 (1.12)	0.71***
Light in room	1.68 (1.16)		1.30 (0.99)	1.33 (0.84)	0.34*
Indicator Items		--
Wet the bed	1.15 (0.59)		1.14 (0.51)	1.09 (0.47)	0.72***
Nightmares	2.13 (0.92)		2.09 (0.71)	2.05 (0.83)	0.66***
Wake very thirsty	2.40 (1.22)		2.32 (0.96)	2.32 (0.96)	0.39**
Wake with headache	1.91 (0.96)		1.73 (0.76)	1.68 (0.83)	0.49***
Snoreb	1.95 (0.75)		1.56 (0.59)	1.51 (0.67)	0.42***
Sleep Disturbance Scales
Bedtime Fears/Worries Scale	5.98 (2.26)	0.61	5.57 (1.80)	5.27 (1.45)	0.68***	1.46	.15
Scared at sleep onset	1.53 (0.90)		1.42 (0.73)	1.42 (0.66)	0.71***
Upset/worried at sleep onset	1.98 (0.98)		1.86 (0.97)	1.93 (0.88)	0.69***
Can't fall asleep because thinking of day	2.56 (1.13)		2.80 (1.00)	2.83 (0.99)	0.22
Restless Legs Symptoms (Self Report) Scale	4.59 (2.69)	0.76	5.32 (2.25)	5.45 (2.11)	0.41**	−0.38	.71
Legs bother during night	1.63 (0.96)		1.51 (0.77)	1.77 (0.84)	0.37*
Funny feelings in legs	1.71 (1.0)		1.66 (0.99)	1.64 (0.72)	0.38*
Have to move legs during night	2.30 (1.23)		2.18 (1.14)	2.07 (1.02)	0.31*
Restless Legs Symptoms (Observed) Scale	4.17 (1.33)	0.73	3.44 (1.18)	3.47 (1.44)	0.51***	−0.12	.91
Told kick legs during sleepb	2.04 (0.78)		1.63 (0.69)	1.70 (0.80)	0.52***
Told move a lot in sleepb	2.13 (0.71)		1.81 (0.73)	1.77 (0.75)	0.48***
Insomnia Scale	9.61 (3.38)	0.73	9.64 (0.44)	2.34 (0.35)	0.34*	1.62	.11
Trouble falling asleep	2.57 (1.15)		2.09 (1.01)	1.77 (1.08)	0.43**
Wake up during nightc	2.49 (1.14)		2.28 (0.96)	2.02 (0.89)	0.33*
Return to sleep after waking	2.42 (1.22)		2.09 (1.01)	1.77 (1.08)	0.43**
Night waking frequency	2.57 (1.15)		1.98 (.85)	1.86 (1.00)	0.24
Parasomnias Scale	3.84 (1.50)	0.76	2.77 (0.95)	3.40 (1.38)	0.45**	−3.24	.00**
Talk in sleepb	1.98 (0.75)		1.63 (0.76)	1.81 (0.73)	0.60***
Walk in sleepb	1.86 (0.91)		1.14 (0.41)	1.58 (0.85)	0.37*

^*p < 05

^**p ≤ .01

^***p ≤ .001.

Full sample N = 570, Test-Retest N = 56. Higher scores are associated with poorer sleep hygiene and more sleep disturbances. Unless otherwise noted, response choices were: Never = 1, Not Very Often = 2, Sometimes = 3, Usually = 4, and Always = 5.

^aNever = 5, Not Very Often = 4, Sometimes = 3, Usually = 2, Always = 1.

^bNever = 1, Sometimes = 2, All the Time = 3.

^cAlmost every night (5-7 times/week) = 4, Several times a week (1 – 4 times/week) = 3, Every now and then (2-3 times/week) = 2, I almost never wake up during the night = 1.

^dIndicates significance of t test.