. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Sleep Med. 2014 Sep 6;15(12):1500–1507. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2014.08.010

Table 4.

Means and standard deviations for the CRSP Sleep Hygiene Indices MANCOVA/MANOVA analyses

	Caffeine	Activity Before Bed	Sleep Location^c	Electronics Use at Sleep Onset
Group^a
Clinical (n =265)	7.23 (2.37)	18.06 (3.04)^*	3.04 (0.64)^***	6.69 (2.96)^***
Community (n = 270)	7.10 (2.50)	17.39 (2.96)	2.80 (0.53)	5.77 (2.58)
Age^b
13-14 (n = 237)	6.96 (2.41)	17.66 (2.93)^**	2.91 (0.60)^*	6.03 (2.75)^*
15-16 (n = 201)	7.34 (2.41)	17.34 (3.11)	2.88 (0.54)	6.11 (2.79)
17-18 (n = 97)	7.31 (2.54)	18.65 (2.85)	3.05 (0.68)	6.96 (2.89)
Sleep Quality
Great/Good (n = 340	7.00 (2.34)^*	17.71 (3.10)	2.87 (.0.56)^**	5.97 (2.77)^**
Okay/Poor (n = 195)	7.45 (2.59)	17.74 (2.88)	3.01 (0.65)	6.68 (2.82)
Nap Frequency^a
Never/When Sick(n = 353)	7.07 (2.45)	17.59 (3.04)	2.80 (0.53)^***	5.79 (2.68)^***
Sometimes/Every Day (n = 181)	7.33 (2.40)	17.96 (2.96)	3.15 (0.65)	7.07 (2.86)
PSG
No OSA (n = 36)	7.44 (2.12)	18.25 (3.45)	3.07 (0.61)	7.53 (3.50)
Mild OSA (n = 18)	7.17 (2.28)	17.28 (2.97)	3.17 (0.52)	7.06 (2.44)
Moderate/Severe OSA (n = 11)	8.00 (2.19)	18.36 (2.17)	3.18 (0.46)	6.82 (2.09)

p < .05

^**

p < .01

^***

p < .001.

MANCOVA analyses controlled for age.

Post hoc analyses yielded group differences among 17 – 18 year olds vs. 13-14 and 15 -16 year olds.

Square root transformation used.