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. 2014 Dec 5;4:241. doi: 10.7916/D8VX0F48

Table 1. Summary of Reported Cases of Alien Hand Syndrome.

Reference Case No. Diagnosis Localization of Lesion or Imaging Findings Hand Diagnostic Dyspraxia or Intermanual Conflict Grasping Levitation Groping Utilization Behavior
Goldstein69 Infarction L X X
Akelaitis70 1 Callosotomy Body of corpus callosum, genu of corpus callosum L X
2 Callosotomy Complete section of corpus callosum R X
Goldberg et al.71 1 Infarction L medial frontal cortex R X X X
2 Infarction L medial frontal cortex R X X
Levine and Rinn23 Infarction R temporal/occipital cortex, posterior thalamus L X
McNabb, et al.72 Infarction L superior and medial frontal cortex and parietal R X X
Banks et al.36 1 Gunshot wound Medial frontal white matter bilaterally, corpus callosum, R basal ganglia, internal capsule and thalamus L X
2 Ruptured anterior communicating Artery Aneurysm Genu of corpus callosum, bilateral medial frontal cortex, R gyrus rectus L X X X
Goldberg and Bloom73 1 Infarction Body of corpus callosum, R medial frontal cortex, supplementary motor area, anterior cingulate gyrus L X X X
2 Infarction L medial frontal cortex, supplementary motor area, anterior cingulate gyrus R X X
3 Infarction Corpus callosum, R medial frontal cortex, supplementary motor area, anterior cingulate gyrus L X X
4 Infarction Corpus callosum, L medial posterior frontal cortex, supplementary motor area, anterior cingulate gyrus R X X
Kuhn et al.74 Infarction Body of corpus callosum, genu of corpus callosum, bilateral anterior medial frontal cortex, supplementary motor area R X
Della Sala et al.75 Ruptured anterior communicating artery aneurysm Anterior corpus callosum, bilateral frontal cortex, L medial frontal cortex, supplementary motor area R X X
Hanakita and Nishi76 Infarction Corpus callosum, L medial frontal cortex, cingulate gyrus L X
Feinberg et al.14 Infarction Corpus callosum, L medial frontal cortex R X X
Gottlieb et al.77 1 Possible corpus callosum, R fronto-parietal cortex L X X X
2 Body of corpus callosum, bilateral medial frontal cortex L X
Leiguarda et al.39 1 Idiopathic cortical atrophy L medial frontal cortex atrophy R X
2 Diffuse lymphocytic lymphoma R medial frontal cortex L X
3 Seizures after the removal of an arteriovenous malformation L posterior parietal cortex R X
4 Ruptured arteriovenous malformation R parietal/temporal cortex L X
Dolado et al.78 Infarction Bilateral parietal L X X
Green et al.79 Alzheimer's Disease R parietal cortex, mild frontal L
Ventura et al.80 Hemorrhagic stroke R capsulothalamic area, R frontal/temporal/parietal cortex L X
Geschwind et al.16 Infarction Body of corpus callosum, R cingulate cortex L X
Giroud and Dumas81 7 Infarction Corpus callosum, fronto-parietal ischemia L X
8 Infarction R anterior corpus callosum, R frontal cortex L X
Nagumo and Yamadori82 Infarction L body of corpus callosum, genu of corpus callosum L X
Papagno and Marsile83 Ruptured Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm Anterior corpus callosum, R medial frontal cortex L X
Chan et al.2 Infarction Body of corpus callosum, genu of corpus callosum, isthmus of corpus callosum, R supplementary motor area, anterior cingulate gyrus, bilateral medial prefrontal cortex L X X X
Kischka et al.84 Infarction Anterior corpus callosum, L medial frontal cortex, parieto-occipital, supplementary motor area R X X X
Tanaka et al.85 1 Infarction Post body of corpus callosum, anterior splenium of corpus callosum, L cingulate gyrus, temporoparietal L X
2 Infarction Body of corpus callosum, R cingulate gyrus, L anterior cingulate gyrus, bilateral medial frontal cortex L X X
3 Infarction Body of corpus callosum, genu of corpus callosum, L anterior cingulate gyrus L X
4 Infarction Anterior body of corpus callosum, L medial frontal cortex, anterior cingulate gyrus R X X X
5 Infarction Anterior body of corpus callosum, L medial frontal cortex R X X
7 Infarction Anterior body of corpus callosum, R medial frontal cortex, anterior cingulate gyrus L X X X
Andre and Domingues86 Reversible ischemia L internal capsule, R occipital cortex, L cerebellum L X
Chan and Ross87 1 Infarction Genu of corpus callosum, isthmus of corpus callosum, L medial frontal cortex, supplementary motor area, anterior cingulate gyrus R, L X (L) X (R)
2 Infarction Body of corpus callosum, genu of corpus callosum, R medial frontal cortex, supplementary motor area, anterior cingulate gyrus L X X
3 Infarction Genu of corpus callosum–isthmus of corpus callosum, R prefrontal cortex, supplementary motor area, anterior cingulate gyrus L X X X
Feinberg et al.9 Seizures in the setting of a glioblastoma multiforme R frontotemporal cortex L X X
Nicholas et al.88 Infarction with hemorrhagic conversion Corpus callosum L X X
Tow and Chua89 Infarction L medial frontal cortex and posterior parietal cortex R X X
Ay et al.90 Infarction Splenium of corpus callosum, R posterior frontal/temporal/occipital/parietal cortex, thalamus L X
Groom et al.52 Infarction R medial posterior temporal cortex, posterior parietal/occipital cortex L X
Marti-Fabregas et al.91 Infarction R inferior parietal cortex L X X
Fisher92 1 Corticobasal syndrome L, R X (R) X (L)
2 Corticobasal syndrome R X
3 Corticobasal syndrome L X X
4 Corticobasal syndrome L X
5 Corticobasal syndrome L, R X (L) X (both)
6 Corticobasal syndrome L X X
Ong Hai and Odderson93 Infarction Anterior corpus callosum, R medial frontal cortex L X X
Bundick and Spinella43 Infarction R posterior parietal/temporal cortex, medial frontal cortex L X
Inzelberg et al.94 Creutzfeld–Jakob disease Mild cerebral atrophy L X
Carrilho et al.3 1 Corticobasal syndrome R temporal/parietal cortex L X
2 Corticobasal syndrome R temporal/parietal cortex L X
3 Alzheimer's disease L parietal cortex R X
4 Infarction R parietal cortex L X
Kumral27 Moya-Moya leading to a hemorrhage Body of corpus callosum, genu of corpus callosum, splenium of corpus callosum, R medial frontal cortex (unclear) L X X
Nishikawa et al.95 1 Infarction Body of corpus callosum, genu of corpus callosum, splenium of corpus callosum L X
3 Resection of a central neurocytoma via transcallosal and transcortical approaches Anterior body of corpus callosum, splenium of corpus callosum, L parietal cortex R X X
Lavados et al.96 Hemorrhage Corpus callosum, F medial (inferred) L, R X (L or R) X (R) X (R) X (R)
Suwanwela and Leelacheavasit97 1 Infarction Body of corpus callosum, splenium of corpus callosum L X
2 Infarction Body of corpus callosum L X
Marey-Lopez et al.50 Infarction R thalamus L X X
Pack et al.68 Infarction R lateral thalamus L X
Rohde et al.20 Presumed vascular-mediated cortical atrophy L central/parietal cortical and subcortical lesions and extensive atrophy of the pre- and post-central gyri R X
Pappalardo et al.56 Infarction L cortical–subcortical parieto-occipital lobes R X X
Giovannetti et al.37 Infarction L medial frontal extending into the corpus callosum R X X X X
Iwashita et al.98 Infarction R frontal lobe L
Espinosa et al.99 Infarction R parietal lobe and anterior corpus callosum L X
Kikkert et al.64 1 Infarction Presumed R parietal lesion L X X X
2 Infarction L frontal lobe in the area of the anterior cerebral artery R X X
Kurne et al.100 Multiple Sclerosis Non-enhancing multiple hyperintense lesions in the corpus callosum, periventricular white matter and centrum semiovale on MRI L X
Caixeta101 HIV R frontal and parietal hypodensity on CT L X X X
Bejot et al.102 Infarction Bilateral hyperintense signals in diffusion-weighted images in the anterior cerebral artery territories involving the R anterior corpus callosum L X
Kessler et al.47 Infarction L anterior parietal lobule and posterior lip of post-central gyrus R X
Soman et al.103 Infarction R parietal lobe, dorsal putamen, and body of caudate L X
Spector et al.24 Infarction R parietal lobe L X
Haq et al.61 Brain herniation R cerebral peduncle gliosis and L cystic anterior thalamus changes R X X
Takenouchi and Solomon11 Parry Romberg Syndrome Progressive atrophy and gliosis of the R thalamus L X X
Kim et al.104 Infarction R parietal L X X
Faber et al.105 Infarction L paracallosal area R X
Terazzi et al.106 Infarction R thalamus and calcarine cortex L X X X
Cantagallo et al.65 Hemorrhage Fronto-basal area bilaterally, L fronto-opercolar area and L frontal superior area R X
Prakash et al.19 Corticobasal syndrome Asymmetrical R fronto-parietal cortical atrophy L X
Pooyania et al.62 Infarction L superior frontal gyrus R X X X
Bartolo et al.51 Infarction L posterior thalamus, parahippocampal gyrus, inferior and posterior temporal lobe, lateral portion of the splenium of the corpus callosum, and cortical part of the occipital lobe. R X X
Yuan et al.22 Infarction Genu, body and splenium of the corpus callosum L X
Verleger et al.42 Infarction L side of corpus callosum from genu to posterior isthmus L X
Huang and Jia15 Cerebral venous malformation Hemorrhage in the genu and body of the corpus callosum L X
Nandhagopa et al.17 Infarction Bilateral parietal parasagittal areas initially, body of corpus callosum found to be involved later L X
Rubin et al.26 1 Creutzfeld–Jakob disease Diffuse cortical T2 signal on MRI L
2 Creutzfeld–Jakob disease Normal L
3 Creutzfeld–Jakob disease Bilateral striatum, diffuse cortex left hemisphere R
4 Creutzfeld–Jakob disease Normal L
5 Creutzfeld–Jakob disease Unknown L
6 Creutzfeld–Jakob disease R posterior parietal cortical hypoattenuation on CT L
7 Creutzfeld–Jakob disease Normal imaging R
8 Creutzfeld–Jakob disease Cortical and striatal DWI/FLAIR hyperintensity Diffusely on MRI L
9 Creutzfeld–Jakob disease Bilateral L> R selective parietal restricted diffusion on MRI R
10 Creutzfeld–Jakob disease Restricted diffusion in bilateral striatal nuclei, left parietal cortex on MRI R
11 Creutzfeld–Jakob disease Diffuse restricted diffusion, T2 hyperintensity of R posterior hemispheric cortex on MRI L
12 Creutzfeld–Jakob disease Restricted diffusion, T2 hyperintensity of bilateral R> L parietal, occipital lobes on MRI L X X
13 Creutzfeld–Jakob disease Diffuse cortical restricted diffusion on MRI L
Nash et al.7 Pneumocephalus R frontal lobe L X
Hertz et al.107 Infarction L posterior middle cerebral artery territory infarction R X
Park et al.1 1 Infarction L medial frontal white matter infarction R X
2 Infarction R frontal lobe and anterior corpus callosum infarction L X
Shereef and Cavanna48 Infarction R posterior parietal L
Jang et al.41 Infarction Anterior portion of the L cingulated gyrus and the corpus callosum (posterior portion of the genu to the anterior portion of the splenium) R X X X
Graff-Radford et al.46 108 cases Corticobasal syndrome
14 cases Cerebrovascular Ischemic strokes, arteriovenous malformation and subdural hematoma
9 cases Creutzfeld–Jakob disease
5 cases Hereditary Diffuse Leukoencephalopathy with Spheroids
4 cases Tumor Astrocytomas and oligodendroglioma
10 cases Other
McBride et al.38 Corticobasal syndrome Asymmetric atrophy of L parietal regions R X
Nowak et al.67 1 Infarction L anterior corpus callosum, left anterior paramedian periventricular white matter and adjacent paramedian cortex R X X X
2 Infarction L anterior corpus callosum and overlying white matter R X X
Lunardelli et al.108 Multiple Sclerosis Multiple corpus callosal lesions, especially of caudal portion L X
Chokar et al.109 Cerebral vasculitis R hemispheric cortical and subcortical edema affecting the white matter and temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes L X
Romano et al.66 Hemorrhage L fronto-parietal hemorrhage R X X

Abbreviations: CT, Catscan; DWI, Diffusion-weighted Imaging; FLAIR, Fluid-attenuated Inversion Recovery; HIV, Human Imunodeficiency Virus; L, Left; MRI, Magnetic Resonance Imaging; R, Right; X, finding present in that case.