Table 3.
Main hubs in LC-CT and LC-PD networks*.
| Gene | Gene-gene links | Gene product and/or biological function | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CT | PD | ||
| GPRC5B | 30 | 6 | Orphan G protein-coupled receptor (putative glutamate receptor candidate) required for neuronal differentiation [45] |
| GRM3 | 23 | 4 | Group II metabotropic glutamate receptor modulating glutamate neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. It plays a role in neuroprotection and white matter integrity [46–48] |
| UGT8 | 23 | 1 | UDP glycosyltransferase 8. Highly expressed in brain oligodendrocytes. Involved in myelination and maintenance of white matter tracts within the central nervous system [49, 50] |
| NUDT13 | 21 | 23 | Mitochondrial enzyme (Nudix hydrolase) involved in response to oxidative stress [51] |
| SEPP1 | 21 | 1 | Selenoprotein P, plasma, 1. Maintains selenium homeostasis in the brain. Involved in antioxidant protection of astrocytes and neurons [52] |
| RGS5 | 20 | 25 | Regulator of G protein signaling 5. It is a marker of brain pericytes [53] |
| PCOLCE2 | 20 | 5 | Procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer 2 [54]. It regulates apoAI posttranslational processing [55] |
| PPP4R1 | 4 | 40 | Protein phosphatase 4 catalytic unit [56] |
| FAM5B | 12 | 35 | BRINP2 (aliase). BMP/RA-inducible neural specific protein. BRINP1, BRINP2, and BRINP3 are predominantly and widely expressed in both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and involved in neuron development [57] |
| MED30 | 17 | 32 | Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 30. Required for oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial integrity [58] |
| TOB2 | 11 | 29 | TOB2 regulates mRNA deadenylation, potentiates NGF-induced differentiation, and protects neurons from apoptosis [59, 60] |
| ZNRF3 | 11 | 29 | ZNRF3 promotes Wnt receptor turnover [61]. Wnt signaling is linked to synaptic maintenance in the aging brain [62] and regulation of inflammatory pathways along PD progression [63] |
| PARP4 | 3 | 29 | Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase controlling synaptic plasticity via major vault protein [64] |
| ATXN1 | 12 | 28 | Polyglutamine-containing protein. Polyglutamine (polyQ) disease gene putatively involved in autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease [65] |
| SFRS18 | 3 | 28 | Serine-arginine rich protein (aliase SF2/AFS) regulates protein sumoylation [66]. Protein sumoylation inhibits alfa-synuclein aggregation and toxicity [67] |
| GAS7 | 10 | 26 | Growth arrest-specific gene 7 (Gas7) is involved in neurite outgrowth and motor neuron function [68, 69] |
*Bold numbers indicate highly linked hubs in CT and or PD networks.