Table 1.
Characteristics of sepsis patients and hospital controls
| Sepsis with shock | Sepsis no shock | Hospital controls | Sepsis shock versus no shock | All sepsis versus control | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subjects, n | 12 | 12 | 12 | ||
| Age, years | 52 (45 to 57) | 45 (39 to 55) | 49 (40 to 56) | ns | ns |
| Male, n (%) | 7 (58%) | 6 (50%) | 8 (67%) | ns | ns |
| ATSI, n (%) | 10 (83%) | 7 (58%) | 8 (67%) | ns | ns |
| APACHE II score, day 0 | 20 (29 to 23) | 8 (4 to 14) | <0.0001 | N/A | |
| SOFA score, day 0 | 10 (4 to 10) | 1 (0 to 2) | <0.0001 | N/A | |
| Plasma L-arginine, μM | 39 (25 to 53) | 40 (21 to 48) | 74 (65 to 88) | ns | <0.0001 |
| Plasma IL-6, pg/mL | 1433 (400 to 4290) | 82 (42 to 302) | 5 (5 to 5) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Plasma IL-10 (pg/mL), median (range) | 65 (5 to 9525) | 5 (5 to 72) | 5 (5) | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Plasma VEGF, pg/mL | 89 (16 to 115) | 79 (62 to 138) | 51 (32 to 71) | ns | 0.03 |
| Plasma arginase, μmol/mL/hr | 0.18 (0.1 to 0.23)* | 0.19 (0.12 to 0.26) | 0.14 (0.09 to 0.16) | ns | ns |
| Interphase-neutrophils (%) | 19.2 (4.4 to 29.5) | 2.7 (1.5 to 6.1) | 1.5 (0 to 2.0) | 0.02 | 0.001 |
| Neutrophil × 103/μL | 13.1 (7.2 to 19.4) | 14.2 (11.4 to 16.6) | 6 (4.0 to 9.6) | ns | 0.02 |
| Imm. granulocyte × 103/μL, median (range) | 0.4 (0 to 11.8) | 0 (0 to 7.6) | 0 (0 to 0) | 0.05 | N/A |
| Monocyte × 103/μL | 0.45 (0.1 to 1.2) | 0.65 (0.4 to 1) | 0.55 (0.5 to 0.7) | ns | ns |
| Lymphocyte × 103/μL | 1.2 (0.5 to 2.1) | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.6) | 2.2 (1.5 to 2.4) | ns | ns |
| Causative organism, n (%) | |||||
| None cultured | 5 (42%) | 9 (75%) | |||
| Gram-positive bacteria | 4 (33%) | 2 (17%) | |||
| Gram-negative bacteria | 3 (25%) | 1 (8%) |
Values show the median (interquartile range) unless stated otherwise. *n = 11, Interphase neutrophil (%) indicates the proportion of neutrophils in the total interphase layer (gated per Figure 1A). ATSI, Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander; APACHE, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; N/A, not assessed; ns, not significant.