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. 2014 Nov 26;12:326. doi: 10.1186/s12967-014-0326-7

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© Chen et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Molecular structures of berberine and its derivatives and their effects on EMMPRIN expression. (A) Molecular structures of berberine (BBR) and its derivatives, dihydroberberine (dhBBR), and 8,8-dimethyldi-hydroberberine (di-MeBBR). (B-D) The effects of BBR and its derivatives on EMMPRIN expression was monitored by measuring the induction of EMMPRIN via flow cytometry (B) and Western blotting (C, D). PMA-induced macrophages were treated with BBR or its derivatives for 1 h (macrophages), or pre-treated with BBR or its derivatives for 1 h prior to incubation with oxLDL (50 μg/mL) for 24 h (foam cells). The expression of EMMPRIN was detected by flow cytometric analysis. *P < 0.05 vs. BBR group. #P < 0.05 vs. untreated control group. thBBR: tetrahydroberberine.