Table 4.

Knowledge about intestinal helminths, symptoms, transmission and prevention among teachers in both schools involved in the study

Variable	Baseline assessment					3 months assessment
	HELP n (%)	Control n (%)	OR (95% CI)	P	HELP n (%)	Control n (%)	OR (95% CI)	P
Heard about intestinal worms	25 (86.2)	13 (86.7)	0.9 (0.2, 5.9)	0.966*	29 (100)	14 (93.3)		0.341*
Source of information
Clinic/hospitals	4 (16.0)	2 (15.4)	0.9 (0.2, 6.0)	0.961*	5 (17.2)	3 (21.4)	0.8 (0.3, 2.3)	0.741*
Internet	3 (12.0)	2 (15.4)	0.8 (0.3, 2.7)	0.770*	3 (10.3)	3 (21.4)	0.6 (0.2, 1.5)	0.373*
Mass media	4 (16.0)	2 (15.4)	1.2 (0.4, 4.3)	0.961*	3 (10.3)	2 (14.3)	0.8 (0.3, 2.5)	0.706*
School	0	0	NA	-	23 (79.3)	4 (28.6)	2.6 (1.0, 7.1)	< 0.001
Type of worms
Roundworm	8 (32.0)	5 (38.5)	0.8 (0.3, 2.0)	0.690	27 (93.1)	5 (35.7)	5.2 (2.2, 12.2)	< 0.001
Pinworm	6 (24.0)	4 (30.8)	0.8 (0.3, 2.1)	0.709*	9 (31.0)	7 (50.0)	0.6 (0.3, 1.4)	0.228
Hookworm	9 (36.0)	6 (46.2)	0.7 (0.3, 1.8)	0.544	23 (79.3)	6 (42.9)	2.7 (1.2, 6.4)	0.035*
Whipworm	0	0	NA	-	11 (37.9)	0 (0.0)	NA	0.008*
Signs and symptoms
Know at least one symptom	20 (80.0)	9 (69.2)	1.4 (0.6, 3.5)	0.459	28 (96.6)	9 (64.3)	3.4 (1.8, 6.7)	0.010*
Abdominal pain	14 (56.0)	7 (53.8)	1.1 (0.4, 2.5)	0.899	29 (100)	7 (50.0)	NA	< 0.001
Diarrhoea	10 (40.0)	7 (53.8)	0.7 (0.3, 1.7)	0.415	18 (62.1)	8 (57.1)	1.1 (0.5, 2.7)	0.757
Vomiting	6 (24.0)	3 (23.1)	1.0 (0.4, 2.9)	0.949*	6 (20.7)	4 (28.6)	0.8 (0.3, 1.9)	0.704
Loss of appetite	6 (24.0)	5 (38.5)	0.7 (0.3, 1.6)	0.457	6 (20.7)	4 (28.6)	0.8 (0.3, 1.9)	0.704*
Body weakness	7 (28.0)	2 (15.4)	1.7 (0.5, 6.3)	0.456*	7 (24.1)	4 (28.6)	0.9 (0.4, 2.2)	0.755
Blood in stool	4 (16.0)	2 (15.4)	1.0 (0.3, 3.5)	0.961*	1 (3.4)	1 (7.1)	0.6 (0.2, 2.7)	0.590*
Poor school performance	0	0	NA	-	12 (41.4)	1 (7.1)	5.6 (1.0, 38.7)	0.033*
Transmission
Know at least one way of transmission	16 (64.0)	10 (76.9)	0.7 (0.2, 1.9)	0.486	29 (100)	11 (78.6)	NA	0.029*
Eating contaminated food	10 (40.0)	5 (38.5)	1.0 (0.4, 2.6)	0.927	17 (58.6)	8 (57.1)	1.0 (0.4, 2.5)	0.927
Dirty hands	13 (52.0)	8 (61.5)	0.8 (0.3, 1.9)	0.575	20 (69.0)	9 (64.3)	1.2 (0.5, 2.8)	0.795
Walking barefooted	7 (28.0)	4 (30.8)	0.9 (0.4, 2.4)	0.859	17 (58.6)	5 (35.7)	1.9 (0.8, 4.7)	0.159
Drinking untreated water	8 (32.0)	4 (30.8)	1.0 (0.4, 2.7)	0.938	5 (17.2)	5 (35.7)	0.5 (0.2, 1.3)	0.252
Playing with soil	2 (8.0)	1 (7.7)	1.0 (0.2, 4.5)	0.973*	20 (69.0)	4 (28.6)	3.1 (1.2, 8.5)	0.012
Not cutting nails regularly	5 (20.0)	4 (30.8)	0.7 (0.3, 1.7)	0.689*	10 (34.5)	6 (42.9)	0.8 (0.3, 1.8)	0.594
Flies	0	0	NA	-	11 (37.9)	1 (7.1)	5.0 (1.0, 34.3)	0.035*
Prevention
Know at least one way for prevention	20 (80.0)	8 (61.5)	1.7 (0.7,4.1)	0.263*	29 (100)	10 (71.4)	NA	0.008*
Taking de-worming drugs	11 (44.0)	8 (61.5)	0.6 (0.2, 1.6)	0.305	17 (58.6)	7 (50.0)	1.3 (0.5, 2.9)	0.594
Washing hands before eating	8 (32.0)	5 (38.5)	0.8 (0.3, 2.0)	0.730*	29 (100)	9 (64.3)	NA	0.002*
Wearing shoes when outside	7 (28.0)	4 (30.8)	0.9 (0.4, 2.4)	0.858*	15 (51.7)	6 (42.9)	1.3 (0.5, 3.0)	0.586
Boiling drinking water	3 (12.0)	4 (30.8)	0.5 (0.2, 1.2)	0.203*	6 (20.7)	4 (28.6)	0.8 (0.3, 1.9)	0.704*
Washing vegetables before consumption	5 (20.0)	6 (46.2)	0.4 (0.2, 1.1)	0.135*	9 (31.0)	5 (35.7)	0.9 (0.4, 2.1)	0.759*

OR, Odds ratio. CI, Confidence interval. NA, Not applicable due to small numbers.

*Fisher’s Exact test.

Significant association (P < 0.05).