. 2014 Dec 10;5:1389. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01389

Table 4.

Results for testing Hypothesis II.

	Timbre MMN (L)		Timbre P3a (S,M,L)				Pitch MMN (S, M, L)		Pitch P3a (S, M, L)				Duration MMN (S, M, L)
	Amplitudes		Amplitudes		Latencies		Amplitudes		Amplitudes		Latencies		Amplitudes
	B	F	B	F	B	F	B	F	B	F	B	F	B	F
Group	4.07	0.19	−2.71	4.19^°	64.98	7.07^*	−4.12	3.52^°	−1.52	5.36^*	36.30	7.14^*	−1.76	1.49
Time	11.21	10.82^**	−1.02	0.01	3.69	0.62^*	−1.28	0.12	−0.22	0.40	−27.05	5.83^*	2.38	5.60^*
Amount		–	0.36^a	7.17^***	18.20^a	5.04^**	−0.42^a	1.02	−0.01^a	0.78	25.15^a	1.69	0.14^a	2.28
			1.43^b		−11.15^b		−0.61^b		0.45^b		13.62^b		−0.72^b
Time × group		13.21^**		10.15^**		8.81^**		5.40^*		ns		ns		4.46^*
Time × group × amount		–		ns		ns		2.42^*		ns		ns		ns
Time × age × group		9.80^***		ns		ns		ns		ns		ns		ns

Group = CI singing group, i.e., CI singers vs. CI non-singers. Amount = amount of change. Following the response type, in parentheses the amount of changes included in analysis: S, M, L = small, medium, large amount of change. B shows the direction of the connection. For B: Group: reference is the CI singers. Time: reference is the T2.

B for small change, reference is the large change.

B for medium change, reference is the large change. – = amount or interaction was not included in analysis. ns = interaction was included in analysis: that was omitted from final results because that was not significant. Results for age are given only when that could not be controlled.

^°

p < 0.1,

p < 0.05,

^**

p ≤ 0.01,

^***

p ≤ 0.001, two-tailed t-test against zero.