Figure 5.
(1) Standard DO: 0.25 mm/6 h to achieve 1 mm/24 h; (2) continuous DO: 0.02 mm/24 min to achieve 1 mm/24 h; (3) accordion maneuver: addition of compression to the standard distraction; (4) accelerated DO: 1.5 mm/24 h; (5) highly accelerated DO: 3 mm/24 h. (A) Normal callus formation; (B) abnormal callus formation. Based on Ref. (24–26).