. 2014 Dec 10;5:214. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00214

Table 3.

Factor expression in continuous versus intermittent distraction osteogenesis in rabbit mandibles.

Factor	Outcome	Reference
TIMP-1 (mRNA)	Up-regulating TIMP-1 in continuous DO	Liu et al. (80, 81)^a
TGF-β1/BMP 2 (mRNA)	High level of TGF-β1 and BMP 2 in continuous DO	Zheng et al. (78, 79)^a
VEGF/bFGF (mRNA)	Continuous DO → proper mechanical environment for angiogenesis through up-regulation of the angiogenic mediators	Zheng et al. (78, 79)^a

DO, distraction osteogenesis; TIMP-1, tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase’s-1; BMP, bone morphogenic protein; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor beta; bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.

^aContinuous distraction group (0.9 mm/day for 11 days at a rate of 8 times/s) and intermittent distraction group (0.9 mm/day for 11 days at a rate of once per day).