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The different loading modes for a fracture, shown on a femur (A). IFC causes in a narrowing of the fracture gap (B), IFS is a shear movement (C) across the gap plane, or a relative torsional movement around the axis of the bone (D), and IFB is a bending movement (E) centered around the fracture. Fixation methods for fractures are shown in (F,G), external fixator (F), the ring fixator (G), intramedullary nailing (H), and plating (I).
