. 2014 May 21;14(6):813–825. doi: 10.1111/1567-1364.12158

Table 1.

Ethanol production by marine yeasts

References	Yeast name	Isolation source	Substrate	Hydrolysis method	Fermentation condition (sugar conc., temp., incubation time)	Ethanol conc. g L⁻¹
Khambhaty et al. (2013)	Candida sp.	Veraval, the West coast of India	Seaweed	2.5% H₂SO_4, cooked at 100 °C for 1 h	3.77% sugar, 30 °C, 48 h	17.6
				2.5% H₂SO_4, cooked at 100 °C for 1 h			Sugarcane Bagasse	2.28% sugar, 30 °C, 48 h		7.7^*
						Galactose	N/A	5% galactose, 30 °C, 0–10% of KCl, 24 h	21–24
Saravanakumar et al. (2013)	S. cerevisiae	Mangrove soil, southeast coast of India	Sawdust	0.8% H₃PO₄	6.84 mg L⁻¹ sawdust, 30 °C, 89 h	0.0024^*
Obara et al. (2012)	S. cerevisiae	Tokyo Bay, Japan	Paper shredder scrap	3% H₂SO₄ at 121 °C for 1 h then enzymatic saccharification	29.7% of glucose from paper shredder scrap, 30 °C, 72 h	122.5
					29.7% of glucose from paper shredder scrap, 30 °C, 72 h	122.5				Enzymatic saccharification only (cellulase for 2 days at 50 °C and 150 r.p.m.)
									Immobilized	13
						Sawdust	NaOH 4% at 121 °C for 30 min	2% of sawdust, 28 °C, 120 r.p.m. for 72 h	7.6
Kathiresan et al. (2011) Senthilraja et al. (2011)	Candida albicans, C. tropicals, D. hansenii, Geotrichum sp., Pichia capsulata, Pichia fermentans, Pichia salicaria, R. minuta, C. dimennae and Y. lipolytica	Sediments, southeast coast of India	Glucose	N/A	28 °C, 120 r.p.m. for 96 h. Nonimmobilized 28 °C, 120 r.p.m. for 96 h. Immobilized	9.8–28.5 13–47.3
			Glucose	N/A				Sawdust	NaOH 4% at 121 °C for 30 min	2% of sawdust, 28 °C, 120 r.p.m. for 72 h	1.7–12.3

No ethanol concentration was reported in the original papers. This value was estimated based on the conversation efficiencies reported by the references.