Table 2.

Products of industrial marine yeast and their applications

Products	Marine yeasts species	Applications	Source
Fuels
Bio-ethanol	Candida albicans, Candida tropicals, Debaryomyces hansenii, Geotrichum sp., Pichia capsulata, Pichia fermentans, Pichia salicaria, Rhodotorula minuta, Cryptococcus dimennae and Yarrowia lipolytica	Biofuel industries	Kathiresan et al. (2011)
			Saccharomyces cerevisiae C-19		Obara et al. (2012)
			Candida sp.		Khambhaty et al. (2013)
Microbial oil	Rhodotorula mucilaginosa	Biodiesel industries	Li et al. (2010a,  b)
			Yarrowia lipolytica		Katre et al. (2012)
Pharmaceuticals
Alginate lyase	Yarrowia lipolytica	Pharmaceutical industries	Liu et al. (2009)
Exo-β-1,3 glucanase	Williopsis saturnus WC91-2	Pharmaceutical industries	Peng et al. (2009, 2011)
Riboflavin	C. membranifaciens subsp. flavinogenie	Food and pharmaceutical industries	Wang et al. (2008)
	Candida tropicalis		Amornrattanapan (2013)
Silver nanoparticles	Yarrowia lipolytica NCYC 789	Antimicrobial	Apte et al. (2013)
Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase	Debaryomyces hansenii	Anticancer	Hernandez-Saavedra & Ochoa (1999)
Industrial enzymes
Lipase	Aureobasidium pullulans	Chemical industries	Zhang & Chi (2007)
	Leucosporidium scottii Cryptococcus adeliensis		Duarte et al. (2013)
Cellulase	Aureobasidium pullulans		Chi et al. (2009)
	Pichia salicaria		Kathiresan et al. (2011)
Inulinase	Pichia guilliermondii	Food and fuel industries	Chi et al. (2009)
Acid protease	Metschnikowia reukaufii W6b	Food and pharmaceutical industries	Li et al. (2010a,  b)
Protease	Rhodotorula mucilaginosa	Feed industries	Duarte et al. (2013)
α Glucosidases	Leucosporidium antaracticum	Pharmaceutical industries	Turkiewicz et al. (2005)
Endoxylanase	Candida davisiana, Cryptococcus adeliensis, Guehomyces pullulans	Chemical industries	Duarte et al. (2013)
Phytase	Kodamea ohmeri	Feed industries	Li et al. (2008)
Other products
Silver nanoparticles	Candida albicans, C. tropicals, Debaryomyces hansenii, Geotrichum sp., Pichia capsulata, Pichia fermentans, Pichia salicaria, Rhodotorula minuta, Cryptococcus dimennae and Yarrowia lipolylica	Biomaterial industry	Subramanian et al. (2010)
Nanoparticles	Yarrowia lipolytica		Agnihotri et al. (2009)
Degrader of pollutants	Yarrowia lipolytica	Bioremediation	Bankar et al. (2009)
Degrader of pollutants	Yarrowia lipolytica	Hydrocarbon degradation	Oswal et al. (2002)
Viable cells	Yarrowia lipolytica	Bioremediation of TNT-polluted marine environments	Jain et al. (2004)
Single-cell protein	Cryptococcus aureus, Yarrowia lipolytica	Food and feed industries	Zhang et al. (2009a,  b)
	Cryptococcus aureus G7a		Gao et al. (2007a,  b)
Carotene	Rhodotorula sp.	Food colouring	Cong et al. (2007)
	Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Arxula adeninivorans		Libkind et al. (2004)