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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychophysiology. 2014 Dec;51(12):1225–1245. doi: 10.1111/psyp.12344

Table 4.

Associations with EEG-specific candidate genes implicated in previous research

EEG measure Gene Chr N SNPs test-statistic p-value Source
Beta GABRA2 4 18 70.46 .014 6,11
Alpha, occipital CRH-BP 5 33 71.63 .036 7
Alpha, Cz CRH-BP 5 33 42.95 .212 7
Theta CHRM2* 7 61 116.55 .055 9
Theta GRM8* 7 236 321.06 .140 4
Alpha, Cz UGDH 4 31 46.28 .157 8
Alpha, occipital UGDH 4 31 44.95 .174 8
Theta SGIP1 1 99 131.95 .199 8
Theta HTR7* 10 35 34.59 .413 14
Theta KCNJ6* 21 126 128.12 .442 10
Alpha, occipital HTR1A 5 9 7.74 .447 1
Alpha, Cz HTR1A 5 9 4.68 .694 1
Alpha, occipital CLU 8 36 32.28 .468 12
Alpha, Cz CLU 8 36 24.99 .677 12
Alpha, occipital HTR3B 11 34 29.95 .466 5
Alpha, Cz HTR3B 11 34 20.66 .740 5
Theta BDNF 11 30 18.19 .702 3
Theta COMT 22 55 38.10 .720 13
Alpha frequency COMT 22 55 33.32 .815 2
Delta COMT 22 55 28.52 .887 13

Note: Chr is the chromosome on which each gene is located. N SNPs gives the number of SNPs considered part of that gene by VEGAS (those within 50 kilobases of each end of the gene). Each test has 1 df. Source gives the paper reporting the relevant previous results (see below). Candidate genes for event-related theta activity (as opposed to resting theta activity) are indicated by an asterisk.

1

Bismark, A. W., Moreno, F. A., Stewart, J. L., Towers, D. N., Coan, J. A., Oas, J., … Allen, J. J. (2010). Polymorphisms of the HTR1a allele are linked to frontal brain electrical asymmetry. Biological Psychology, 83, 153–158. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.12.002

2

Bodenmann, S., Rusterholz, T., Durr, R., Stoll, C., Bachmann, V., Geissler, E., … Landolt, H. P. (2009). The functional Val158Met polymorphism of COMT predicts interindividual differences in brain alpha oscillations in young men. Journal of Neuroscience, 29, 10855–10862. doi: 29/35/10855 [pii]10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1427-09.2009

3

Bulgin, N. L., Strauss, J. S., King, N. A., Shaikh, S. A., George, C. J., Fox, N. A., … Kennedy, J. L. (2008). Association study of theta EEG asymmetry and brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene variants in childhood-onset mood disorder. Neuromolecular Medicine, 10, 343–355. doi: 10.1007/s12017-008-8038-x

4

Chen, A. C., Tang, Y., Rangaswamy, M., Wang, J. C., Almasy, L., Foroud, T., … Porjesz, B. (2009). Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in a glutamate receptor gene (GRM8) with theta power of event-related oscillations and alcohol dependence. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 150B, 359–368. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30818

5

Ducci, F., Enoch, M. A., Yuan, Q., Shen, P. H., White, K. V., Hodgkinson, C., … Goldman, D. (2009). HTR3B is associated with alcoholism with antisocial behavior and alpha EEG power--an intermediate phenotype for alcoholism and co-morbid behaviors. Alcohol, 43, 73–84. doi: S0741-8329(08)00334-0 [pii]10.1016/j.alcohol.2008.09.005

6

Edenberg, H. J., Dick, D. M., Xuei, X., Tian, H., Almasy, L., Bauer, L. O., … Begleiter, H. (2004). Variations in GABRA2, encoding the alpha 2 subunit of the GABA(A) receptor, are associated with alcohol dependence and with brain oscillations. American Journal of Human Genetics, 74, 705–714.

7

Enoch, M. A., Shen, P. H., Ducci, F., Yuan, Q., Liu, J., White, K. V., … Goldman, D. (2008). Common genetic origins for EEG, alcoholism and anxiety: the role of CRH-BP. PLoS One, 3, e3620. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003620

8

Hodgkinson, C. A., Enoch, M. A., Srivastava, V., Cummins-Oman, J. S., Ferrier, C., Iarikova, P., … Goldman, D. (2010). Genome-wide association identifies candidate genes that influence the human electroencephalogram. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107, 8695–8700. doi: 0908134107 [pii]10.1073/pnas.0908134107

9

Jones, K. A., Porjesz, B., Almasy, L., Bierut, L., Dick, D., Goate, A., … Begleiter, H. (2006). A cholinergic receptor gene (CHRM2) affects event-related oscillations. Behavior Genetics, 36, 627–639.

10

Kang, S. J., Rangaswamy, M., Manz, N., Wang, J. C., Wetherill, L., Hinrichs, T., … Dick, D. (2012). Family-based genome-wide association study of frontal theta oscillations identifies potassium channel gene KCNJ6. Genes, Brain and Behavior, 11, 712–719.

11

Lydall, G. J., Saini, J., Ruparelia, K., Montagnese, S., McQuillin, A., Guerrini, I., … Gurling, H. M. (2011). Genetic association study of GABRA2 single nucleotide polymorphisms and electroencephalography in alcohol dependence. Neuroscience Letters, 500, 162–166. doi: S0304-3940(11)00879-2 [pii] 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.05.240

12

Ponomareva, N. V., Andreeva, T., Protasova, M., Shagam, L., Malina, D., Goltsov, A., … Rogaev, E. I. (2013). Age-dependent effect of Alzheimer’s risk variant of CLU on EEG alpha rhythm in non-demented adults. Front Aging Neurosci, 5, 86. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00086

13

Venables, N. C., Bernat, E. M., & Sponheim, S. R. (2009). Genetic and disorder-specific aspects of resting state EEG abnormalities in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 35, 826–839. doi: sbn021 [pii]10.1093/schbul/sbn021

14

Zlojutro, M., Manz, N., Rangaswamy, M., Xuei, X., Flury-Wetherill, L., Koller, D., … Kuperman, S. (2011). Genome-wide association study of theta band event-related oscillations identifies serotonin receptor gene HTR7 influencing risk of alcohol dependence. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 156, 44–58.