Table 3.
Results of regression analysis on maternal-child services and neonatal care practice factors of neonatal mortality among low birth weight
| Variables | Case n = 250 (%) | Control n = 250 (%) | Crude OR 95% CI | p-value | Adjusted OR 95% CI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal-child health services | ||||||
| Referral | ||||||
| Appropriate | 155 (62.0) | 101 (40.4) | 1 | 0.67 | 1 | 0.77 |
| Inappropriate | 95 (38.0) | 149 (59.6) | 0.86 (0.69-1.23) | 0.93 (0.02-5.92) | ||
| Neonatal visit | ||||||
| Appropriate | 198 (79.2) | 239 (95.6) | 1 | <0.01 | 1 | <0.01 |
| Inappropriate | 52 (20.8) | 11 (4.4) | 10.15 (5.47-18.84) | 7.04 (3.67-13.49) | ||
| Neonatal care practice | ||||||
| Time of first bath | ||||||
| Immediately | 16 (6.4) | 5 (2.0) | 3.35 (1.21-9.29) | 0.02 | 2.03 (0.24-16.96) | 0.51 |
| Delay (≥12 hours) | 234 (93.6) | 245 (98.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Bath twice a day | ||||||
| No | 246 (98.4) | 237 (94.8) | 1 | 0.04 | 1 | 0.65 |
| Yes | 4 (1.6) | 13 (5.2) | 0.30 (0.09-0.92) | 1.55 (0.23-10.45) | ||
| Kangaroo mother care (KMC) | ||||||
| Not practice | 248 (99.2) | 206 (82.4) | 26.49 (6.35-110.57) | <0.01 | 15.32 (2.85-82.56) | 0.01 |
| Practice | 2 (0.8) | 44 (17.6) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Use warm bottle pack | ||||||
| Not practice | 241 (96.4) | 140 (56.0) | 21.04 (10.34-2.83) | <0.01 | 20.70 (6.32-67.80) | <0.01 |
| Practice | 9 (3.6) | 110 (44.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Use lamp bulb | ||||||
| Not practice | 241 (96.4) | 211 (84.4) | 3.33 (0.97-11.42) | 0.06 | 0.42 (0.10-1.70) | 0.23 |
| Practice | 9 (3.6) | 39 (15.6) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Use ‘ didaring ’ | ||||||
| Not practice | 225 (90.0) | 147 (58.8) | 3.32 (2.00-5.50) | <0.01 | 4.33 (1.83-10.19) | <0.01 |
| Practice | 25 (10.0) | 103 (41.2) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Umbilical cord care | ||||||
| Appropriate | 230 (92.0) | 228 (91.2) | 1 | 1.00 | 1 | 1.00 |
| Inappropriate | 20 (8.0) | 22 (8.8) | 0.99 | 0.99 | ||
| Hand wash before touch baby | ||||||
| No | 247 (98.8) | 238 (95.2) | 4.51 (1.16-14.89) | 0.06 | 6.62 (0.16-28.41) | 0.32 |
| Yes | 3 (1.2) | 12 (4.8) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Initiation of breastfeeding | ||||||
| Late (>1 hour) | 219 (87.6) | 131 (52.4) | 6.42 (4.09-10.07) | <0.01 | 2.03 (1.09-3.80) | 0.03 |
| Early | 31 (12.4) | 119 (47.6) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Discard colostrums | ||||||
| No | 119 (47.6) | 224 (89.6) | 1 | <0.01 | 1 | <0.01 |
| Yes | 131 (52.4) | 26 (10.4) | 9.48 (5.89-15.27) | 3.53 (1.93-6.43) | ||
| Exclusive breastfeeding (n = 462) | ||||||
| No | 195 (92.0) | 117 (46.8) | 13.0 (7.8-22.0) | <0.01 | 5.58 (2.89-10.77) | <0.01 |
| Yes | 17 (8.0) | 133 (53.2) | 1 | 1 | ||