Table 6. Analysis of historical and recent genetic bottleneck based on stepwise mutation model (SMM) of microsatellite evolution and Mode shift test for allele frequency distribution.

Population Name	Sign test (two tailed p-value)			Wilcoxon signed rank test (two tailed p-value
	SMM			SMM
	A	S	A+S	A	S	A+S
Dandeli (PA)	0.002**	0.022*	0.002**	0.008**	0.016*	0.008**
Joida (NPA)	0.020*	0.616	0.113	0.055*	0.937	0.040*
Talakaveri (PA)	0.124	0.022*	0.002**	0.375	0.015*	0.008**
Bondikadu (NPA)	0.291	0.088	0.020*	0.110	0.078	0.020*
Agumbe (PA)	0.022*	-	0.020*	0.040*	-	0.039*
Vadagere (NPA)	0.020*	-	0.021*	0.040*	-	0.040*
Kemmangundi (PA)	0.650	0.102	0.289	0.578	0.297	0.297
Multavara (NPA)	0.248	-	0.097	0.375	-	0.039*

Note: – = data absent. *P, <0.05; **P, <0.01. A = adults, S = seedlings.

The significance of gene diversity excess (He. Heq) is an indication of recent effective population size reductions (bottlenecks). The significance was tested using Sign test and Wilcoxon signed ranks test [44] based on 5000 replications.