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. 2014 Dec 10;9(12):e113470. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113470

Figure 1. Relation between total number of citations and HERD (expressed in PPP $) for each nation.

Figure 1

The green line is a power-law correlation of the type Inline graphic, where Inline graphic is a constant and Inline graphic is the HERD. The best fit exponent is close to one (Inline graphic)—with correlation coefficient 0.97. Such relation simply implies that the output of the scientific research, measured by the number of citations, depends on the resources that a nation has invested in it. The nations above/below the fit (e.g., GBR, CHE, ISR, NZL above; JPN, CHN, MEX, TUR below) are the more/less efficient in their scientific production: a more refined analysis is then required to identify the structural reasons for these fluctuations.