Figure 1. Relation between total number of citations and HERD (expressed in PPP $) for each nation.
The green line is a power-law correlation of the type , where
is a constant and
is the HERD. The best fit exponent is close to one (
)—with correlation coefficient 0.97. Such relation simply implies that the output of the scientific research, measured by the number of citations, depends on the resources that a nation has invested in it. The nations above/below the fit (e.g., GBR, CHE, ISR, NZL above; JPN, CHN, MEX, TUR below) are the more/less efficient in their scientific production: a more refined analysis is then required to identify the structural reasons for these fluctuations.