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. 2014 Nov 24;225(6):569–582. doi: 10.1111/joa.12245

Table 1.

Crocodylian limb muscles, abbreviations and estimated primary functions

Pectoral limb
Pelvic limb
Short name Full name Estimated function Short name Full name Estimated function
SVT Serratus ventralis thoracis Pectoral girdle extensors CFL Caudofemoralis longus Hip extensors/knee flexors
COCS Costocoracoideus superficialis Pectoral girdle extensors CFB Caudofemoralis brevis Hip extensors/knee flexors
COCP Costocoracoideus profundus Pectoral girdle extensors ISTR Ischiotrochantericus Hip extensors/knee flexors
LS Levator scapulae Pectoral girdle flexors ILFB Iliofibularis Hip extensors/knee flexors
TRA Trapezius Pectoral girdle flexors PIT Pubo-ischio-tibialis Hip extensors/knee flexors
SVC Serratus ventralis cervicus Pectoral girdle flexors FTE Flexor tibialis externus Hip extensors/knee flexors
RHO Rhomboideus Pectoral girdle adductors FTI 1 Flexor tibialis internus 1 Hip extensors/knee flexors
LD Latissimus dorsi Shoulder extensors FTI 2 Flexor tibialis internus 2 Hip extensors/knee flexors
SS Subscapularis Shoulder extensors FTI 3 Flexor tibialis internus 3 Hip extensors/knee flexors
SC Supracoracoideus Shoulder flexors FTI 4 Flexor tibialis internus 4 Hip extensors/knee flexors
DC Deltoideus clavicularis Shoulder flexors PIFE 1 Pubo-ischio-femoralis externus 1 Hip adductors
CBD Coracobrachialis brevis dorsalis Shoulder flexors PIFI 2 Pubo-ischio-femoralis internus 2 Hip flexors
PEC Pectoralis Shoulder adductors PIFI 1 Pubo-ischio-femoralis internus 1 Hip flexors
CBV Coracobrachialis brevis ventralis Shoulder adductors ADD 1 Adductor 1 Hip adductors
DS Deltoideus scapularis Shoulder abductors ADD 2 Adductor 2 Hip adductors
SHC Scapulohumeralis caudalis Shoulder abductors PIFE 2 Pubo-ischio-femoralis externus 2 Hip adductors
TM Teres major Shoulder abductors PIFE 3 Pubo-ischio-femoralis externus 3 Hip adductors
TB Triceps brevis Elbow extensors IF Iliofemoralis Hip abductors
TLL Triceps longus lateralis Elbow extensors IT 1 Iliotibialis 1 Knee extensors
TLM Triceps longus medialis Elbow extensors IT 2 Iliotibialis 2 Knee extensors
BB Biceps brachii Elbow flexors IT 3 Iliotibialis 3 Knee extensors
HR Humeroradialis Elbow flexors FMTE Femorotibialis externus Knee extensors
BR Brachialis Elbow flexors FMTI Femorotibialis internus Knee extensors
FUL Flexor ulnaris Elbow flexors AMB 1 Ambiens 1 Knee extensors
ABR Abductor radialis Elbow flexors AMB 2 Ambiens 2 Knee extensors
PT Pronator teres Elbow pronators GE Gastrocnemius externus Ankle plantarflexors
PQ Pronator quadratus Elbow pronators GI Gastrocnemius internus Ankle plantarflexors
SUP Supinator Elbow supinators FDL Flexor digitorum longus (pelvic) Ankle plantarflexors
FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris Wrist plantarflexors IC Interosseus cruris Ankle plantarflexors
FDL-1 Flexor digitorum longus 1 (pectoral limb) Wrist plantarflexors FL Fibularis longus Ankle plantarflexors
FDL-2 Flexor digitorum longus 2 (pectoral limb) Wrist plantarflexors FHL Flexor hallucis longus Ankle plantarflexors
ECRB Extensor carpi radialis brevis Wrist dorsiflexors FB Fibularis brevis Ankle plantarflexors
ECRL Extensor carpi radialis longus Wrist dorsiflexors PP Pronator profundus Ankle plantarflexors
ECUL Extensor carpi ulnaris longus Wrist dorsiflexors TA Tibialis anterior Ankle dorsiflexors
FDBF Flexor digitorum brevis (pectoralis) Digital plantarflexors (pectoral) EDL Extensor digitorum longus Ankle dorsiflexors
EDBF Extensor digitorum brevis (pectoralis) Digital dorsiflexors (pectoral) FDBH Flexor digitorum brevis (pelvic) Digital plantarflexors (pelvic)
EDBH Extensor digitorum brevis (pelvic) Digital dorsiflexors (pelvic)
EHL Extensor hallucis longus Digital dorsiflexors (pelvic)