Table 1. Demographics.
| Age | 63.5 (12.3) |
| Male sex | 39,627 (60.2) |
| Dialysis vintage (years) | 7.0 (4.0–12.1) |
| Causes of end-stage renal diseases | |
| Hypertensive nephrosclerosis | 4,228 (6.4) |
| Diabetic nephropathy | 19,048 (28.9) |
| Chronic glomerulonephritis | 30,989 (47.1) |
| Others | 11,584 (17.6) |
| Frequency of dialysis | |
| 1–2/week | 1,938 (2.9) |
| 3/week | 63,685 (96.8) |
| 4–7/week | 226 (0.3) |
| Duration of each dialysis treatment | |
| <4 hr | 12,431 (18.9) |
| 4 hr | 43,820 (66.5) |
| >4 hr | 9,598 (14.6) |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.8 (0.4) |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 154 (36) |
| Body mass index | 21.2 (3.9) |
| Kt/V | 1.41 (0.28) |
| Protein catabolic rate | 0.92 (0.18) |
| Ultrafiltration rate (mL/hr/kg) | 11.6 (4.4) |
| Vascular access | |
| Arteriovenous fistula | 59,978 (91.1) |
| Arteriovenous graft | 4,474 (6.8) |
| Central venous catheter | 195 (0.3) |
| Others* | 1,202 (1.8) |
| Pre-dialysis systolic blood pressure | |
| < = 120 mmHg | 5,355 (8.1) |
| 121–140 mmHg | 14,406 (21.9) |
| 141–160 mmHg | 22,488 (34.1) |
| 161–180 mmHg | 16,105 (24.5) |
| > = 181 mmHg | 7,495 (11.4) |
| Pre-dialysis diastolic blood pressure | |
| < = 60 mmHg | 6,062 (9.2) |
| 61–80 mmHg | 32,815 (49.8) |
| 81–90 mmHg | 15,532 (23.6) |
| 91–110 mmHg | 10,516 (16.0) |
| > = 111 mmHg | 924 (1.4) |
| Antihypertensives | |
| Calcium channel blockers | 33,644 (51.1) |
| Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors | 7,603 (11.5) |
| Angiotensin receptor blockers | 23,583 (35.8) |
| Others | 18,632 (28.3) |
*This includes subcutaneously fixed superficial arteries and direct puncture of arteries.
Data shown as mean (SD) or median (interquartile range) for continuous variables and number (%) for categorical variables.