Table 3.
Bivariate relationships between explanatory factors and lipid-adjusted concentrations (ng/g lipid) of selected persistent organic pollutants in serum samples collected from 48 mothers participating in the California Childhood Leukemia Study (2006–2007).
| Explanatory Factor | OCPs | PCBs | PBDEs | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N |
p,p' DDE |
trans- Nona- chlor |
PCB- 118 |
PCB- 138 |
PCB- 153 |
PCB- 170 |
PCB- 180 |
BDE- 47 |
BDE- 99 |
BDE- 100 |
BDE- 153 |
|
| Age | + | + | + | + | + | + | ||||||
| <34.0 | 12 | 140 | 7.4 | 3.2 | 5.3 | 6.9 | 3.2 | 5.9 | 29 | 7.4 | 8.3 | 5.4 |
| 34.0–37.4 | 12 | 150 | 10 | 3.4 | 5.8 | 8.0 | 3.7 | 8.2 | 43 | 11 | 12 | 8.7 |
| 37.5–40.9 | 12 | 260 | 10 | 5.3 | 6.4 | 9.7 | 4.5 | 9.7 | 43 | 10 | 12 | 9.8 |
| >40.9 | 12 | 250 | 9.2 | 5.4 | 9.6 | 19 | 7.0 | 17 | 28 | 9.2 | 10 | 11 |
| Race/ethnicity |  |
|
||||||||||
| Hispanic | 15 | 220 | 7.5 | 3.7 | 5.5 | 6.9 | 3.4 | 7.0 | 37 | 12 | 10 | 7.6 |
| Non-Hispanic, White | 27 | 180 | 9.9 | 4.7 | 7.3 | 13 | 5.0 | 12 | 31 | 8.9 | 10 | 11 |
| Non-Hispanic, Asian | 5 | 200 | 5.7 | 3.3 | 4.9 | 9.5 | 4.4 | 10 | 21 | 6.1 | 8.1 | 11 |
| Non-Hispanic, Native | 1 | 260 | 9.0 | 3.9 | 6.4 | 8.0 | 2.5 | 5.9 | 540 | 88 | 110 | 130 |
| Household annual income | + | + | + | + | − | − | − | |||||
| <$45,000 | 11 | 260 | 10 | 3.7 | 5.4 | 6.9 | 3.1 | 5.9 | 37 | 12 | 12 | 9.7 |
| $45,000-$74,999 | 13 | 150 | 9.2 | 3.9 | 5.9 | 9.6 | 4.5 | 9.2 | 69 | 13 | 14 | 8.3 |
| ≥$75,000 | 24 | 190 | 8.1 | 4.5 | 7.8 | 13 | 5.0 | 11 | 28 | 7.5 | 9.6 | 8.1 |
| Country of origin | ||||||||||||
| U.S. | 35 | 160 | 9.9 | 4.0 | 6.4 | 9.7 | 4.4 | 9.5 | 50 | 11 | 11 | 9.4 |
| Other | 13 | 260 | 8.0 | 4.4 | 6.2 | 9.6 | 4.4 | 8.5 | 31 | 7.0 | 9.5 | 6.0 |
| Body mass index | − | − | + | |||||||||
| Underweight | 2 | 200 | 9.0 | 4.6 | 9.2 | 16 | 6.2 | 15 | 44 | 11 | 11 | 15 |
| Normal | 28 | 170 | 9.1 | 4.2 | 7.1 | 13 | 5.0 | 12 | 29 | 7.7 | 10 | 8.3 |
| Overweight | 13 | 260 | 8.3 | 4.4 | 6.0 | 8.6 | 4.0 | 8.4 | 58 | 13 | 13 | 9.9 |
| Obese | 4 | 180 | 11 | 3.7 | 5.6 | 6.4 | 3.4 | 6.0 | 52 | 11 | 13 | 5.8 |
| Cumulative lactation | ||||||||||||
| <6 months | 19 | 220 | 8.7 | 4.1 | 6.6 | 9.9 | 4.0 | 8.5 | 36 | 11 | 10 | 6.0 |
| 6–12 months | 13 | 200 | 9.9 | 5.3 | 5.9 | 9.6 | 4.6 | 10 | 50 | 11 | 12 | 11 |
| >1 year | 16 | 140 | 7.7 | 3.4 | 6.1 | 9.5 | 4.5 | 10 | 29 | 7.8 | 10 | 9.8 |
| Fish consumption | + | |||||||||||
| <5 g/day | 19 | 220 | 7.8 | 3.7 | 6.0 | 9.3 | 4.0 | 9.5 | 51 | 11 | 12 | 8.5 |
| 5–10 g/day | 14 | 150 | 7.8 | 4.0 | 5.5 | 8.2 | 3.4 | 7.5 | 29 | 10 | 9.9 | 7.0 |
| >10 g/day | 15 | 190 | 10 | 4.4 | 7.3 | 13 | 5.0 | 12 | 36 | 8.5 | 12 | 9.9 |
| Crumbling/exposed foam | |
|
||||||||||
| Yes | 7 | 230 | 7.6 | 4.7 | 8.1 | 13 | 6.4 | 14 | 61 | 12 | 12 | 11 |
| No | 38 | 180 | 8.5 | 4.0 | 6.3 | 9.6 | 4.1 | 9.0 | 30 | 7.8 | 10 | 8.4 |
| Region | ||||||||||||
| California Central Coast | 4 | 180 | 8.2 | 3.8 | 5.8 | 7.8 | 3.8 | 6.8 | 43 | 10 | 10 | 5.2 |
| Metro San Francisco | 17 | 220 | 7.4 | 4.4 | 6.5 | 9.7 | 4.0 | 8.5 | 37 | 11 | 9.8 | 6.6 |
| North San Francisco | 5 | 140 | 11 | 5.4 | 7.1 | 13 | 6.8 | 15 | 25 | 5.2 | 13 | 11 |
| Sacramento Valley | 9 | 130 | 7.6 | 3.9 | 6.4 | 9.9 | 4.2 | 9.5 | 28 | 7.2 | 10 | 8.5 |
| San Joaquin Valley | 7 | 160 | 10 | 3.7 | 5.4 | 6.4 | 3.3 | 5.5 | 57 | 13 | 17 | 9.4 |
| Sierra Mountains | 5 | 230 | 9.5 | 4.7 | 8.3 | 12 | 5.1 | 11 | 50 | 8.5 | 10 | 13 |
| Sampling year | − | − | − | − | − | |||||||
| 2006 | 32 | 180 | 9.3 | 4.4 | 6.8 | 10 | 4.8 | 9.9 | 50 | 11 | 11 | 9.6 |
| 2007 | 16 | 190 | 8.4 | 3.3 | 4.5 | 6.5 | 3.3 | 6.6 | 27 | 7.7 | 9.8 | 7.0 |
OCPs=Organochlorine pesticides, PCBs=Polychlorinated biphenyls, PBDEs=Polybrominated diphenyl ethers
+ Indicates positive Spearman rank correlation coefficient with p<0.05
− Indicates negative Spearman rank correlation coefficient with p<0.05
Indicates that serum concentrations differ by category using Kruskal-Wallis test with p<0.05