Table 1.
Characteristics of Study Hospitals with Number and Percentage of Patients and Nurses
| Patient (n=220,914) | Nurse (n=25,082) | Hospital (n=518) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |
| Ownership | |||
| Non-profit | 184,684 (83.6) | 22,457 (89.5) | 425 (80.5) |
| For profit | 36,230 (16.4) | 2,625 (10.5) | 103 (19.5) |
| Bed size | |||
| Small (<=100) | 7,892 (3.6) | 931 (3.7) | 55 (10.4) |
| Medium (101-250) | 61,896 (28.0) | 7,057 (28.1) | 231 (43.8) |
| Large (>=251) | 151,126 (68.4) | 17,094 (68.2) | 242 (45.8) |
| Teaching status | |||
| Non-teaching | 105,564 (47.8) | 10,550 (42.1) | 271 (51.3) |
| Minor | 92,003 (41.7) | 10,540 (42.0) | 214 (40.5) |
| Major | 23,347 (10.6) | 3,992 (15.9) | 43 (8.1) |
| Technology level | |||
| Not high tech | 66,895 (30.3) | 8,968 (35.8) | 277 (52.7) |
| High tech | 154,019 (69.7) | 16,114 (64.3) | 251 (47.5) |
| Location | |||
| Rural | 11,026 (5.0) | 1,194 (4.8) | 52 (9.9) |
| Urban | 209,888 (95.0) | 23,888 (95.2) | 476 (90.2) |
| Nurse work environment | |||
| Poor (<=2.60) | 49,800 (22.5) | 5,537 (22.1) | 162 (30.7) |
| Mixed (2.60-2.83) | 96,134 (43.5) | 11,478 (45.8) | 215 (40.7) |
| Good (>=2.83) | 74,980 (33.9) | 8,067 (32.2) | 151 (28.6) |
| Nurse staffing (patient/nurse) | |||
| <=4 | 41,496 (18.9) | 4,816 (19.2) | 96 (18.2) |
| >4 & <=5 | 84,710 (38.4) | 10,222 (40.8) | 175 (33.1) |
| >5 & <=6 | 61,062 (27.4) | 6,332 (25.3) | 142 (26.9) |
| >6 & <=7 | 24,289 (11.0) | 2,625 (10.5) | 70 (13.3) |
| >7 | 9,357 (4.2) | 1,087 (4.3) | 45 (8.5) |
| Nurse education (BSN) | |||
| <=20% | 14,895 (6.7) | 1,340 (5.3) | 51 (9.7) |
| >20% & <=30% | 37,987 (17.2) | 3,856 (15.4) | 98 (18.6) |
| >30% & <=40% | 66,374 (30.1) | 7,033 (28.0) | 151 (28.6) |
| >40% & <=50% | 63,599 (28.8) | 7,422 (29.6) | 142 (26.9) |
| >50% | 38,059 (17.2) | 5,431 (21.7) | 86 (16.3) |
Note: Hospitals with poor work environments: overall environment score was 0.5 SD or more below the mean; hospitals with mixed work environments: overall environment score was mean ± 0.5 SD; hospitals with good work environments: overall environment score was 0.5 SD or more above the mean.