Table 2.
Distribution of maternal blood and hair Mn concentrations during pregnancy, ISA study, Costa Rica, 2010-2011 (n = 380).
| Biomarkers | n | Mean (SD) | GM (GSD) | Min | Percentile |
Max | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 25th | 50th | 75th | ||||||
| Blood Mn (μg/L) | ||||||||
| By trimesters of pregnancy | ||||||||
| 1st trimester | 94 | 22.7 (6.4) | 21.8 (1.3) | 10.8 | 18.0 | 22.5 | 26.9 | 36.9 |
| 2nd trimester | 276 | 23.8 (6.1) | 23.0 (1.3) | 9.4 | 19.8 | 24.0 | 27.7 | 56.3 |
| 3rd trimester | 203 | 26.5 (6.6) | 25.7 (1.3) | 13.2 | 21.4 | 26.4 | 30.3 | 50.6 |
| Mean during pregnancya | 375 | 24.5 (6.1) | 23.7 (1.3) | 10.7 | 20.4 | 24.0 | 28.0 | 50.6 |
| Hair Mn (μg/g) | ||||||||
| By trimesters of pregnancy | ||||||||
| 1st trimester | 107 | 3.6 (6.4) | 1.8 (3.0) | 0.1 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 3.8 | 53.3 |
| 2nd trimester | 309 | 3.4 (4.8) | 1.8 (3.1) | 0.05 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 3.8 | 36.0 |
| 3rd trimester | 229 | 3.6 (6.2) | 1.7 (3.2) | 0.2 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 3.3 | 52.6 |
| Mean during pregnancya | 380 | 3.5 (5.3) | 1.9 (2.8) | 0.1 | 0.9 | 1.8 | 4.0 | 53.3 |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; GM, geometric mean; GSD, geometric standard deviation.
a
In the women for whom only one Mn measurement was available, the single measurement was used in lieu of the average.