Table 5. Comparison of the Three Intervention Groups on Maternal Psychological Distress Variables and on Worry about Child Health through 12 Months.
| Depressive Symptoms | State Anxiety | Post-Traumatic Stress | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Estimate(SE) | t(686) a | Estimate(SE) | t(689) a | Estimate(SE) | t(685) a |
| Intercept | 14.35 (0.92) | 15.61*** | 35.23 (0.97) | 36.32*** | 4.40 (0.39) | 11.41*** |
| Intervention | F(2,686)=0.74 | F(2,689)=0.32 | F(2,685)=0.08 | |||
| ATVV | −0.85 (1.32) | −0.64 | 0.09 (1.40) | 0.06 | −0.17 (0.45) | −0.38 |
| KC | −1.60 (1.31) | −1.21 | −0.94 (1.40) | −0.67 | 0.05 (0.45) | −0.10 |
| Time | −0.28 (0.03) | −8.21*** | −0.47 (0.04) | −11.50*** | −0.08 (0.01) | −7.76*** |
| Time squared | 0.004(0.001) | 5.88*** | 0.01(0.001) | 9.63*** | 0.001(0.000) | 5.22*** |
| Time × Interv | F(2,686)=0.86 | F(2,689)=0.43 | F(2,685)=0.56 | |||
| Time × ATVV | 0.01 (0.03) | 0.38 | 0.02 (0.03) | 0.67 | 0.006(0.008) | 0.07 |
| Time × KC | 0.04 (0.03) | 1.28 | −0.12 (0.09) | 0.88 | 0.008(0.009) | 0.96 |
| Site | F(3,685)=4.42** | |||||
| Parameter | Parenting Stress | Worry about Child Health | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parameter | Estimate (SE) | t(275)a | Estimate (SE) | t(690)a | ||
| Intercept | 35.81 (1.45) | 24.75*** | 19.06 (0.82) | 23.35*** | ||
| Intervention | F(2,275)=0.18 | F(2,690)=0.49 | ||||
| ATVV | 0.70 (2.40) | 0.29 | −0.92 (0.95) | −0.97 | ||
| KC | −0.75 (2.35) | −0.32 | −0.60 (3.95) | −0.63 | ||
| Time | −0.04 (0.03) | 8.12** | −0.19 (0.03) | −5.58* | ||
| Time squared | 0.002 (0.001) | 3.44*** | ||||
| Time × Interv | F(2,275)=1.44 | F(2,690)=3.96* | ||||
| Time × ATVV | −0.07 (0.05) | −1.35 | −0.002 (0.05) | −0.05 | ||
| Time × KC | 0.01 (0.05) | 0.26 | −0.13 (0.05) | −2.49* | ||
| Time squared × Interv | F(2,690)=2.95# | |||||
| Time squared × ATVV | −0.0001 (0.001) | −0.08 | ||||
| Time squared × KC | 0.002 (0.001) | 2.09* | ||||
| Site | F(3,690)=4.85** | |||||
Note: ATVV=auditory, tactile, visual, and vestibular intervention; KC=kangaroo care; Interv.=intervention.
a
For the intercept, the t-test had 228 df for depressive symptoms and state anxiety, 225 df for post-traumatic stress symptoms, 195 df for parenting stress, and 225 df for worry.
*
p < .05;
**
p < .01;
***
p < .001;
#
p < .06.